Evolution has led to a great diversity that ranges from elegant simplicity to ornate complexity. Many complex features are often assumed to be more functional or adaptive than their simpler alternatives. However, in 1999, Arlin Stolzfus published a paper in the Journal of Molecular Evolution that outlined a framework in which complexity can arise through a series of non-adaptive steps.
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October 2019
The phenotypic impacts of a genetic change can depend on genetic background (e.g. epistasis), as well as other contexts including environment, developmental stage, cell type, disease state, and higher-order combinations thereof.
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