Hypothermia for moderate or severe neonatal encephalopathy in low-income and middle-income countries (HELIX): a randomised controlled trial in India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh.

Background: Although therapeutic hypothermia reduces death or disability after neonatal encephalopathy in high-income countries, its safety and efficacy in low-income and middle-income countries is unclear. We aimed to examine whether therapeutic hypothermia alongside optimal supportive intensive care reduces death or moderate or severe disability after neonatal encephalopathy in south Asia.

Methods: We did a multicountry open-label, randomised controlled trial in seven tertiary neonatal intensive care units in India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy assessment of brain injury after moderate hypothermia in neonatal encephalopathy: a prospective multicentre cohort study.

Background: In neonatal encephalopathy, the clinical manifestations of injury can only be reliably assessed several years after an intervention, complicating early prognostication and rendering trials of promising neuroprotectants slow and expensive. We aimed to determine the accuracy of thalamic proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy (MRS) biomarkers as early predictors of the neurodevelopmental abnormalities observed years after neonatal encephalopathy.

Methods: We did a prospective multicentre cohort study across eight neonatal intensive care units in the UK and USA, recruiting term and near-term neonates who received therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy.

Therapeutic hypothermia initiated within 6 hours of birth is associated with reduced brain injury on MR biomarkers in mild hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy: a non-randomised cohort study.

Objective: To examine the effect of therapeutic hypothermia on MR biomarkers and neurodevelopmental outcomes in babies with mild hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE).

Design: Non-randomised cohort study.

Setting: Eight tertiary neonatal units in the UK and the USA.

Whole Blood Gene Expression Reveals Specific Transcriptome Changes in Neonatal Encephalopathy.

Background: Variable responses to hypothermic neuroprotection are related to the clinical heterogeneity of encephalopathic babies; hence better disease stratification may facilitate the development of individualized neuroprotective therapies.

Objectives: We examined if whole blood gene expression analysis can identify specific transcriptome profiles in neonatal encephalopathy.

Material And Methods: We performed next-generation sequencing on whole blood RNA from 12 babies with neonatal encephalopathy and 6 time-matched healthy term babies.

The efficacy of inhaled nitric oxide treatment in premature infants with acute pulmonary hypertension.

Background: Although inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) therapy in term infants with pulmonary hypertension (PHT) has demonstrated definite benefit, the use of iNO in preterm infants remains inconclusive.

Aims: To evaluate the impact of iNO treatment in premature infants with acute PHT.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort.

Hypothermia for encephalopathy in low-income and middle-income countries: feasibility of whole-body cooling using a low-cost servo-controlled device.

Unlabelled: Although therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the standard of care for hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy in high-income countries, the safety and efficacy of this therapy in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) is unknown. We aimed to describe the feasibility of TH using a low-cost servo-controlled cooling device and the short-term outcomes of the cooled babies in LMIC.

Design: We recruited babies with moderate or severe hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (aged <6 hours) admitted to public sector tertiary neonatal units in India over a 28-month period.

Developing a chair side, safe and non-invasive procedure for assessment of blood glucose level using gingival crevicular bleeding in dental clinics.

Aim: To study the accessibility of chair side blood glucose non-invasive screening method for diabetes mellitus during routine periodontal examination.

Materials And Methods: Fifteen non-diabetics and 15 newly onset type 2 diabetics patients with moderate to severe periodontitis were selected after meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria. Periodontal pocket probing was performed using a Williams Graduated periodontal probe.

Oral manifestations in growth hormone disorders.

Growth hormone is of vital importance for normal growth and development. Individuals with growth hormone deficiency develop pituitary dwarfism with disproportionate delayed growth of skull and facial skeleton giving them a small facial appearance for their age. Both hyper and hypopituitarism have a marked effect on development of oro-facial structures including eruption and shedding patterns of teeth, thus giving an opportunity to treating dental professionals to first see the signs and symptoms of these growth disorders and correctly diagnose the serious underlying disease.

Congenital hypopituitarism and renal failure.

Congenital hypopituitarism is potentially fatal in the newborn period but treatable if the diagnosis is made early. We report a neonate who presented with hypothermia and severe hypoglycemia. He also had undescended testis and micropenis.