Real-Time Use of SGLT2i Verified in Pre-dialysis: The RSVP Cross-sectional Study.

Background: The use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in nephrology practice is increasingly becoming standard of care in patients with diabetes or those with proteinuria.

Objectives: The primary outcome was to identify the proportion of pre-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) G3a, G3b, or G4 prescribed an SGLT2i and describe their characteristics.

Methods: This was a retrospective, multicentric, cross-sectional study of patients with CKD followed at 4 pre-dialysis clinics in the province of Quebec, Canada.

Trust with increasing and decreasing reliability.

Objective: The primary purpose was to determine how trust changes over time when automation reliability increases or decreases. A secondary purpose was to determine how task-specific self-confidence is associated with trust and reliability level.

Background: Both overtrust and undertrust can be detrimental to system performance; therefore, the temporal dynamics of trust with changing reliability level need to be explored.

Safety and efficacy of inhaled IBIO123 for mild-to-moderate COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, dose-ascending, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 trial.

Background: COVID-19 severity is associated with its respiratory manifestations. Neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 administered systemically have shown clinical efficacy. However, immediate and direct delivery of neutralising antibodies via inhalation might provide additional respiratory clinical benefits.

Inhibition of PI3K/C/EBPβ axis in tolerogenic bone marrow-derived dendritic cells of NOD mice promotes Th17 differentiation and diabetes development.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are key regulators of the adaptive immune response. Tolerogenic dendritic cells play a crucial role in inducing and maintaining immune tolerance in autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes in humans as well as in the NOD mouse model. We previously reported that bone marrow-derived DCs (BM.

Modeling spinal locomotor circuits for movements in developing zebrafish.

Many spinal circuits dedicated to locomotor control have been identified in the developing zebrafish. How these circuits operate together to generate the various swimming movements during development remains to be clarified. In this study, we iteratively built models of developing zebrafish spinal circuits coupled to simplified musculoskeletal models that reproduce coiling and swimming movements.

Resources Assessment for Penicillin Allergy Testing Performed by Pharmacists at the Patient's Bedside.

Background: False penicillin allergies lead to increased antimicrobial resistance, adverse effects, and health care costs by promoting the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. The Infectious Diseases Society of America recommends the implementation of allergy testing.

Objectives: The primary objective of this research was to estimate the number of pharmacist full-time equivalents (FTEs) required for an intervention aimed at determining penicillin allergy in hospitalized patients.

Spatiotemporal Transition in the Role of Synaptic Inhibition to the Tail Beat Rhythm of Developing Larval Zebrafish.

Significant maturation of swimming in zebrafish () occurs within the first few days of life when fish transition from coiling movements to burst swimming and then to beat-and-glide swimming. This maturation occurs against a backdrop of numerous developmental changes - neurogenesis, a transition from predominantly electrical to chemical-based neurotransmission, and refinement of intrinsic properties. There is evidence that spinal locomotor circuits undergo fundamental changes as the zebrafish transitions from burst to beat-and-glide swimming.

Role of the p38 MAPK/C/EBPβ Pathway in the Regulation of Phenotype and IL-10 and IL-12 Production by Tolerogenic Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells.

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a major role in innate and adaptive immunity and self-immune tolerance. Immunogenic versus tolerogenic DC functions are dictated by their levels of costimulatory molecules and their cytokine expression profile. The transcription factor C/EBPβ regulates the expression of several inflammatory genes in many cell types including macrophages.

An Analysis of Informed Consent Form Readability of Oncology Research Protocols.

Twenty-two percent of adults in the United States have only basic health literacy skills. We used a multiple linear regression model to identify associations between readability of informed consent documents with study sponsor, study phase, and approval year using a sample of 143 oncology studies at Ochsner Medical Center. The M ± SD Flesh-Kincaid Reading Grade Level (RGL) was 10.

Constitutively active Stat5b signaling confers tolerogenic functions to dendritic cells of NOD mice and halts diabetes progression.

Defects in dendritic cells (DCs) development and function lead to autoimmune disorders. Autoimmune diabetes in humans and NOD mice results from a breakdown of self-tolerance, ending in T cell-mediated β-cell destruction. DCs dysfunction in NOD mice results in part from a defect in the JAK-STAT5 signaling pathway associated with the idd4 susceptibility locus.

Do N-of-1 Trials Need IRB Review?

There is no standard policy regarding the regulatory or institutional approval of N-of-1 trials in the United States. The objective of this study was to examine whether institutional review boards (IRBs) accredited by the Association for the Accreditation of Human Research Protection Programs (AAHRPP) consider N-of-1 trials as meeting the definition of human subjects research (45CFR46.102) and requiring IRB approval.

Deregulation of protein phosphatase 2A and hyperphosphorylation of τ protein following onset of diabetes in NOD mice.

The histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer disease (AD) include intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles composed of abnormally hyperphosphorylated τ protein. Insulin dysfunction might influence AD pathology, as population-based and cohort studies have detected higher AD incidence rates in diabetic patients. But how diabetes affects τ pathology is not fully understood.

Cultural factors related to the maintenance of health behaviours in Algonquin women with a history of gestational diabetes.

Introduction: Though the cultural factors that may contribute to the diabetes epidemic in First Nations are frequently discussed, little is known about the factors that may help prevent it. In this ethnonursing study, we explore the cultural factors that help maintain health behaviours in Algonquin women who had received a diagnosis of gestational diabetes 2 to 10 years before this study.

Methods: The data were collected in two Algonquin communities through semi-structured interviews with key informants (n = 7) and general informants (n = 8) and through cultural immersion, with detailed observations being recorded into logbooks.

Differential role of NF-κB, ERK1/2 and AP-1 in modulating the immunoregulatory functions of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from NOD mice.

Tolerogenic dendritic cells represent a promising immunotherapy in autoimmunity. However, the molecular mechanisms that drive tolerogenic DCs functions are not well understood. We used GM-CSF or GM-CSF+IL-4 to generate tolerogenic (GM/DCs) and immunogenic (IL-4/DCs) BMDCs from NOD mice, respectively.

IFN regulatory factors 4 and 8 expression in the NOD mouse.

Dendritic cells (DCs) contribute to islet inflammation and its progression to diabetes in NOD mouse model and human. DCs play a crucial role in the presentation of autoantigen and activation of diabetogenic T cells, and IRF4 and IRF8 are crucial genes involved in the development of DCs. We have therefore investigated the expression of these genes in splenic DCs during diabetes progression in NOD mice.

Type I diabetes-associated tolerogenic properties of interleukin-2.

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) results from insulin-producing beta cells destruction by diabetogenic T lymphocytes in humans and nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. The breakdown of tolerance has been associated with a defect in the number and the function of naturally occurring regulatory T cells (nTreg) that are the master player in peripheral tolerance. Gene knockout experiments in mouse models have shown a nonredundant activity of IL-2 related to its critical role in inducing nTreg and controlling peripheral T cell tolerance.

GM-CSF induces bone marrow precursors of NOD mice to skew into tolerogenic dendritic cells that protect against diabetes.

We have reported that GM-CSF treatment of NOD mice suppressed diabetes by increasing the number of tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs) and Tregs in the periphery. Here, we have investigated whether GM-CSF acted on NOD bone marrow DCs precursors to skew their differentiation to tDCs. DCs were generated from the bone marrow of GM-CSF-treated (GM.

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin and thymic stromal lymphopoietin-conditioned dendritic cells induce regulatory T-cell differentiation and protection of NOD mice against diabetes.

Objective: Autoimmune diabetes in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model results from a breakdown of T-cell tolerance caused by impaired tolerogenic dendritic cell development and regulatory T-cell (Treg) differentiation. Re-establishment of the Treg pool has been shown to confer T-cell tolerance and protection against diabetes. Here, we have investigated whether murine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) re-established tolerogenic function of dendritic cells and induced differentiation and/or expansion of Tregs in NOD mice and protection against diabetes.

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor prevents diabetes development in NOD mice by inducing tolerogenic dendritic cells that sustain the suppressive function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells.

Autoimmune diabetes results from a breakdown of self-tolerance that leads to T cell-mediated beta-cell destruction. Abnormal maturation and other defects of dendritic cells (DCs) have been associated with the development of diabetes. Evidence is accumulating that self-tolerance can be restored and maintained by semimature DCs induced by GM-CSF.

The serpin proteinase inhibitor 8: an endogenous furin inhibitor released from human platelets.

The cornerstone of hemostasis is the ability of the organism to limit the enzymatic processes involved, thereby avoiding thrombosis. For this, anticoagulant systems in place involve serpins, such as PAI-1 and antithrombin III, which bind to their targeted serine proteases and limit their period of activity. We have previously identified the serine protease furin as a platelet-derived enzyme with an intrinsic role in platelet functions.

3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine binding to ribonuclease A: model for drug-protein interaction.

Ribonuclease A (RNase A) with several high affinity binding sites is a possible target for many organic and inorganic molecules. 3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) is the first clinically effective drug for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The drug interactions with protein and nucleic acids are associated with its mechanism of action in vivo.

Interaction of AZT with human serum albumin studied by capillary electrophoresis, FTIR and CD spectroscopic methods.

The thymidine analog 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) is still one of the effective drugs against human immunodeficiency (HIV) infection. AZT has been used as inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the virus encoded enzyme which catalyzes transcription of viral RNA to DNA. The drug interaction with protein has been included in its mechanism of action.

Effect of alpha-, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins on oxygen evolution by the thylakoid membrane. influence of pH and temperature.

The present work investigates the effect of alpha-, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins (CD), i.e., alpha-CD, beta-CD and gamma-CD, on the oxygen evolution activity, the protein content and the uv-vis spectroscopic characteristics of thylakoid membranes.

Cytokine and cytotoxic molecule gene expression determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the diagnosis of acute renal rejection.

Background: Prevention of acute rejection is the most prevalent measure used to reduce the long-term risk of chronic allograft rejection. Until now, biopsy was the only useful diagnostic tool for monitoring allograft acute rejection, but invasiveness of this procedure limits its use. The aim of this study was to investigate the implication of peripheral blood immune markers as a predictive diagnostic tool preceding biopsy in acute renal allograft rejection determination.