An untargeted metabolomic study using MALDI-mass spectrometry imaging reveals region-specific biomarkers associated with bowel inflammation.

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic immune driven intestinal disorders with marked metabolic alteration. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) enables the direct visualization of biomolecules within tissues and facilitates the study of metabolic changes. Integrating multiple spatial information sources is a promising approach for discovering new biomarkers and understanding biochemical alteration within the context of the disease.

Noninvasive Imaging of Transgene Expression in Neurons Using Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer MRI.

Advances in gene therapy, especially for brain diseases, have created new imaging demands for noninvasive monitoring of gene expression. While reporter gene imaging using co-expression of fluorescent protein-encoding gene has been widely developed, these conventional methods face significant limitations in longitudinal in vivo applications. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), specifically chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI, provides a robust noninvasive alternative that offers unlimited depth penetration, reliable spatial resolution, and specificity toward particular molecules.

Neuro-Oncologic Veterinary Trial for the Clinical Transfer of Microbeam Radiation Therapy: Acute to Subacute Radiotolerance after Brain Tumor Irradiation in Pet Dogs.

Synchrotron Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT) has repeatedly proven its superiority compared with conventional radiotherapy for glioma control in preclinical research. The clinical transfer phase of MRT has recently gained momentum; seven dogs with suspected glioma were treated under clinical conditions to determine the feasibility and safety of MRT. We administered a single fraction of 3D-conformal, image-guided MRT.

Ecological associations distribution modelling of marine plankton at a global scale.

Marine plankton communities form intricate networks of interacting organisms at the base of the food chain, and play a central role in regulating ocean biogeochemical cycles and climate. However, predicting plankton community shifts in response to climate change remains challenging. While species distribution models are valuable tools for predicting changes in species biogeography under climate change scenarios, they generally overlook the key role of biotic interactions, which can significantly shape ecological processes and ecosystem responses.

Penetration Profile of Terbinafine Compared to Amorolfine in Mycotic Human Toenails Quantified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Imaging.

Introduction: Amorolfine 5% lacquer is an established topical treatment for fungal infection of the nails. The success of topical therapy for onychomycosis depends on whether the permeated drug concentration in the deep nail bed is retained above the effective antifungal minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). We compared the penetration profile of amorolfine and a new topical formula of terbinafine in human mycotic toenails using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) imaging.

Penetration Profiles of Four Topical Antifungals in Mycotic Human Toenails Quantified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Imaging.

Introduction: Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nails that can be challenging to treat. Here, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) imaging was applied to the quantitative analysis of the penetration profile of the antifungal compound, amorolfine, in human mycotic toenails. The amorolfine profile was compared with those of three other antifungals, ciclopirox, naftifine, and tioconazole.

Genome-scale community modelling reveals conserved metabolic cross-feedings in epipelagic bacterioplankton communities.

Marine microorganisms form complex communities of interacting organisms that influence central ecosystem functions in the ocean such as primary production and nutrient cycling. Identifying the mechanisms controlling their assembly and activities is a major challenge in microbial ecology. Here, we integrated Tara Oceans meta-omics data to predict genome-scale community interactions within prokaryotic assemblages in the euphotic ocean.

Absence of chromosome axis protein recruitment prevents meiotic recombination chromosome-wide in the budding yeast .

Meiotic recombination shows broad variations across species and along chromosomes and is often suppressed at and around genomic regions determining sexual compatibility such as mating type loci in fungi. Here, we show that the absence of Spo11-DSBs and meiotic recombination on Lakl0C-left, the chromosome arm containing the sex locus of the budding yeast, results from the absence of recruitment of the two chromosome axis proteins Red1 and Hop1, essential for proper Spo11-DSBs formation. Furthermore, cytological observation of spread pachytene meiotic chromosomes reveals that Lakl0C-left does not undergo synapsis.

MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Semi-Quantification of Topically Delivered Lactic Acid.

Background: Lactic acid is a common active ingredient in many topical skincare products; however, measuring its delivery into the skin is challenging due to the presence of a large level of endogenous lactic acid. In this study, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) was used to quantitatively and qualitatively measure the delivery of lactic acid into the skin from a range of topical skincare products.

Materials And Methods: Porcine skin samples were treated with various skincare products containing lactic acid.

Meiotic recombination is confirmed to be unusually high in the fission yeast .

In most eukaryotes, meiotic crossovers (COs) are limited to 1-3 per chromosome, and are prevented from occurring close to one another by CO interference. The fission yeast , an exception to these general rules, was reported to have the highest CO number per chromosome and no or weak interference. However, global CO frequency was indirectly estimated, calling for confirmation.

Early Life to Adult Brain Lipidome Dynamic: A Temporospatial Study Investigating Dietary Polar Lipid Supplementation Efficacy.

The lipid composition of the brain is well regulated during development, and the specific temporospatial distribution of various lipid species is essential for the development of optimal neural functions. Dietary lipids are the main source of brain lipids and thus contribute to the brain lipidome. Human milk is the only source of a dietary lipids for exclusively breastfed infant.

Hyaluronic acid detection and relative quantification by mass spectrometry imaging in human skin tissues.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a major component of the skin, contributing to tissue hydration and biomechanical properties. As HA content in the skin decreases with age, formulas containing HA are widely used in cosmetics and HA injections in aesthetic procedures to reduce the signs of aging. To prove the beneficial effects of these treatments, efficient quantification of HA levels in the skin is necessary, but remains difficult.

Toward Neuro-Oncologic Clinical Trials of High-Dose-Rate Synchrotron Microbeam Radiation Therapy: First Treatment of a Spontaneous Canine Brain Tumor.

Purpose: The high potential of microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) in improving tumor control while reducing side effects has been shown by numerous preclinical studies. MRT offers a widened therapeutic window by using the periodical spatial fractionation of synchrotron generated x-rays into an array of intense parallel microbeams. MRT now enters a clinical transfer phase.

E-learning versus face-to-face training: Comparison of two learning methods for Lyme borreliosis.

Objectives: To compare two learning methods for Lyme disease (e-learning versus face-to-face training) to assess knowledge and know-how.

Methods: The study population was volunteer general medicine residents and family physicians (FP). Face-to-face training on Lyme disease was offered to each group.

The pharmacokinetics of [F]UCB-H revisited in the healthy non-human primate brain.

Background: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of the Synaptic Vesicle glycoprotein (SV) 2A is a new tool to quantify synaptic density. [F]UCB-H was one of the first promising SV2A-ligands to be labelled and used in vivo in rodent and human, while limited information on its pharmacokinetic properties is available in the non-human primate. Here, we evaluate the reliability of the three most commonly used modelling approaches for [F]UCB-H in the non-human cynomolgus primate, adding the coupled fit of the non-displaceable distribution volume (V) as an alternative approach to improve unstable fit.

Characterizing extracellular diffusion properties using diffusion-weighted MRS of sucrose injected in mouse brain.

Brain water and some critically important energy metabolites, such as lactate or glucose, are present in both intracellular and extracellular spaces (ICS/ECS) at significant levels. This ubiquitous nature makes diffusion MRI/MRS data sometimes difficult to interpret and model. While it is possible to glean information on the diffusion properties in ICS by measuring the diffusion of purely intracellular endogenous metabolites (such as NAA), the absence of endogenous markers specific to ECS hampers similar analyses in this compartment.

Comparative test-retest variability of outcome parameters derived from brain [18F]FDG PET studies in non-human primates.

Introduction: Knowledge of the repeatability of quantitative parameters derived from [18F]FDG PET images is essential to define the group size and allow correct interpretation. Here we tested repeatability and accuracy of different [18F]FDG absolute and relative quantification parameters in a standardized preclinical setup in nonhuman primates (NHP).

Material And Methods: Repeated brain [18F]FDG scans were performed in 6 healthy NHP under controlled experimental factors likely to account for variability.

Publisher Correction: Dramatic HIV DNA degradation associated with spontaneous HIV suppression and disease-free outcome in a young seropositive woman following her infection.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Correction: The genetic history of France.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Full-length title: Dramatic HIV DNA degradation associated with spontaneous HIV suppression and disease-free outcome in a young seropositive woman following her infection.

Strategies to cure HIV-infected patients by virus-targeting drugs have failed to date. We identified a HIV-1-seropositive woman who spontaneously suppressed HIV replication and had normal CD4-cell counts, no HIV-disease, no replication-competent virus and no cell HIV DNA detected with a routine assay. We suspected that dramatic HIV DNA degradation occurred post-infection.

The genetic history of France.

The study of the genetic structure of different countries within Europe has provided significant insights into their demographic history and population structure. Although France occupies a particular location at the western part of Europe and at the crossroads of migration routes, few population genetic studies have been conducted so far with genome-wide data. In this study, we analyzed SNP-chip genetic data from 2184 individuals born in France who were enrolled in two independent population cohorts.

Metagenomic Analysis of Microdissected Valvular Tissue for Etiological Diagnosis of Blood Culture-Negative Endocarditis.

Background: Etiological diagnosis is a key to therapeutic adaptation and improved prognosis, particularly for infections such as endocarditis. In blood culture-negative endocarditis (BCNE), 22% of cases remain undiagnosed despite an updated comprehensive syndromic approach. This prompted us to develop a new diagnostic approach.