Learning hand hygiene from the champions: Investigating key compliance facilitators among healthcare workers through interviews.

Introduction: Good hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers is crucial for preventing healthcare-associated infections. While an extensive amount of research has focused on barriers to compliance with hand hygiene guidelines, there remains a critical gap in understanding the factors contributing to consistently excellent compliance among some individuals. Thus, the main aim of this study is to learn from these "champions" of hand hygiene and identify facilitating factors that enable and sustain high compliance using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).

Counselling sessions for patients in contact isolation due to multi-drug-resistant organisms improve informedness and reduce dissatisfaction.

Background: The spread of multi-drug-resistant organisms (MDROs) is a critical health issue. Isolation measures imposed to prevent transmission may result in adverse psychological effects among affected patients. This emphasizes the need for better communication and information to improve their hospital experience and mental well-being as well as to prevent inadequate treatment.

Impact of frailty on mortality and transfer to hemodialysis after peritoneal dialysis initiation.

Background: Frailty is associated with poor outcomes for patients on dialysis; however, dedicated studies among incident peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are lacking. This study aims to determine the association between frailty and mortality/transfer to hemodialysis (HD) among incident PD patients and identify whether dialysis modality (PD vs. HD) modifies the association of frailty and mortality following dialysis initiation.

Predictors of Health Care Practitioners' Intention to Use AI-Enabled Clinical Decision Support Systems: Meta-Analysis Based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology.

Background: Artificial intelligence-enabled clinical decision support systems (AI-CDSSs) offer potential for improving health care outcomes, but their adoption among health care practitioners remains limited.

Objective: This meta-analysis identified predictors influencing health care practitioners' intention to use AI-CDSSs based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Additional predictors were examined based on existing empirical evidence.

Insights on the Current State and Future Outlook of AI in Health Care: Expert Interview Study.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is often promoted as a potential solution for many challenges health care systems face worldwide. However, its implementation in clinical practice lags behind its technological development.

Objective: This study aims to gain insights into the current state and prospects of AI technology from the stakeholders most directly involved in its adoption in the health care sector whose perspectives have received limited attention in research to date.

Explainability does not mitigate the negative impact of incorrect AI advice in a personnel selection task.

Despite the rise of decision support systems enabled by artificial intelligence (AI) in personnel selection, their impact on decision-making processes is largely unknown. Consequently, we conducted five experiments (N = 1403 students and Human Resource Management (HRM) employees) investigating how people interact with AI-generated advice in a personnel selection task. In all pre-registered experiments, we presented correct and incorrect advice.

Comparing preferences for skin cancer screening: AI-enabled app vs dermatologist.

Background And Aim: Skin cancer is a major public health issue. While self-examinations and professional screenings are recommended, they are rarely performed. Mobile health (mHealth) apps utilising artificial intelligence (AI) for skin cancer screening offer a potential solution to aid self-examinations; however, their uptake is low.

Examining outpatients' hand hygiene behaviour and its relation to COVID-19 infection prevention measures.

Background: The increasing demand for outpatient care is associated with a higher risk of infection transmission in these settings. However, there is limited research on infection prevention and control practices in ambulatory clinics, and none focuses on patients.

Aim: To examine outpatients' hand hygiene behaviours, their determinants, and their associations with other infection prevention measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Attitudes Toward the Adoption of 2 Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Mental Health Tools Among Prospective Psychotherapists: Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Despite growing efforts to develop user-friendly artificial intelligence (AI) applications for clinical care, their adoption remains limited because of the barriers at individual, organizational, and system levels. There is limited research on the intention to use AI systems in mental health care.

Objective: This study aimed to address this gap by examining the predictors of psychology students' and early practitioners' intention to use 2 specific AI-enabled mental health tools based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology.

Surfing in the streets: How problematic smartphone use, fear of missing out, and antisocial personality traits are linked to driving behavior.

Smartphone use while driving (SUWD) is a major cause of accidents and fatal crashes. This serious problem is still too little understood to be solved. Therefore, the current research aimed to contribute to a better understanding of SUWD by examining factors that have received little or no attention in this context: problematic smartphone use (PSU), fear of missing out (FOMO), and Dark Triad.

Troll story: The dark tetrad and online trolling revisited with a glance at humor.

Internet trolling is considered a negative form of online interaction that can have detrimental effects on people's well-being. This pre-registered, experimental study had three aims: first, to replicate the association between internet users' online trolling behavior and the Dark Tetrad of personality (Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism) established in prior research; second, to investigate the effect of experiencing social exclusion on people's motivation to engage in trolling behavior; and third, to explore the link between humor styles and trolling behavior. In this online study, participants were initially assessed on their personality, humor styles, and global trolling behavior.

Non-task expert physicians benefit from correct explainable AI advice when reviewing X-rays.

Artificial intelligence (AI)-generated clinical advice is becoming more prevalent in healthcare. However, the impact of AI-generated advice on physicians' decision-making is underexplored. In this study, physicians received X-rays with correct diagnostic advice and were asked to make a diagnosis, rate the advice's quality, and judge their own confidence.

Patients with multi-drug-resistant organisms feel inadequately informed about their status: adverse effects of contact isolation.

Background: Contact isolation of patients with multi-drug-resistant organisms (MDROs) is an essential element of infection prevention strategies in hospitals worldwide. However, this practice may be associated with adverse side effects on patients' health and well-being.

Aim: This study was the first to assess mental health and well-being variables among isolated patients compared with non-isolated control patients in a German cohort.

Differences in observed and self-reported compliance with 'Five Moments for Hand Hygiene' as a function of the empathy of healthcare workers.

Background: Hand hygiene at critical time-points (as established by the World Health Organization's model 'Five Moments for Hand Hygiene') remains the leading measure for minimizing the risk of healthcare-associated infections. While many interventions have been tested to improve hand hygiene compliance (HHC) of healthcare workers (HCWs), little is known about the relationship between HHC and empathy of HCWs.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between moment-specific HHC rates and empathy of HCWs at both individual and ward levels.

Early and Later Perceptions and Reactions to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany: On Predictors of Behavioral Responses and Guideline Adherence During the Restrictions.

In March 2020, the German government enacted measures on movement restrictions and social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As this situation was previously unknown, it raised numerous questions about people's perceptions of and behavioral responses to these new policies. In this context, we were specifically interested in people's trust in official information, predictors for self-prepping behavior and health behavior to protect oneself and others, and determinants for adherence to social distancing guidelines.

The relationship between health IT characteristics and organizational variables among German healthcare workers.

Health information technologies (HITs) are widely employed in healthcare and are supposed to improve quality of care and patient safety. However, so far, their implementation has shown mixed results, which might be explainable by understudied psychological factors of human-HIT interaction. Therefore, the present study investigates the association between the perception of HIT characteristics and psychological and organizational variables among 445 healthcare workers via a cross-sectional online survey in Germany.

Do as AI say: susceptibility in deployment of clinical decision-aids.

Artificial intelligence (AI) models for decision support have been developed for clinical settings such as radiology, but little work evaluates the potential impact of such systems. In this study, physicians received chest X-rays and diagnostic advice, some of which was inaccurate, and were asked to evaluate advice quality and make diagnoses. All advice was generated by human experts, but some was labeled as coming from an AI system.

Hand(y) hygiene insights: Applying three theoretical models to investigate hospital patients' and visitors' hand hygiene behavior.

Background: Improving hand hygiene in hospitals is the most efficient method to prevent healthcare-associated infections. The hand hygiene behavior of hospital patients and visitors is not well-researched, although they pose a risk for the transmission of pathogens. Therefore, the present study had three aims: (1) Finding a suitable theoretical model to explain patients' and visitors' hand hygiene practice; (2) Identifying important predictors for their hand hygiene behavior; and (3) Comparing the essential determinants of hand hygiene behavior between healthcare professionals from the literature to our non-professional sample.

Utilizing behavioral theories to explain hospital visitors' observed hand hygiene behavior.

Background: Hand hygiene is essential for infection prevention. This study aimed to find a suitable theoretical model and identify critical facilitators and barriers to explain hospital visitors' hand hygiene practice.

Methods: Visitors in 4 hospitals were observed and asked to give explanations for using or not using the hand rub dispenser.

The effect of persuasive messages on hospital visitors' hand hygiene behavior.

Objective: Hospital visitors pose a risk for transmitting pathogens that can cause health care-associated infections. The present study aimed to test an evidence-based intervention to improve visitors' hand hygiene behavior through persuasive messages.

Method: For the 14-week-long field experiment, 7 signs were designed according to the principles of persuasion proposed by Cialdini: reciprocity, consistency, social-proof, unity, liking, authority, and scarcity.

Synthesis and reactivity of 2-thionoester pyrroles: a route to 2-formyl pyrroles.

2-Functionalised pyrroles exhibit considerable synthetic utility. Herein, the synthesis and reactivity of 2-thionoester (-C(S)OR) pyrroles is reported. 2-Thionoester pyrroles were synthesised using a Knorr-type approach from aliphatic starting materials.

How a smiley protects health: A pilot intervention to improve hand hygiene in hospitals by activating injunctive norms through emoticons.

Hand hygiene practice in hospitals is unfortunately still widely insufficient, even though it is known that transmitting pathogens via hands is the leading cause of healthcare-associated infections. Previous research has shown that improving knowledge, providing feedback on past behaviour and targeting social norms are promising approaches to improve hand hygiene practices. The present field experiment was designed to direct people on when to perform hand hygiene and prevent forgetfulness.