In Vitro and In Vivo Toxicological Evaluation of P: Beauv. (Avicenniaceae) Leaf Extract in a Rat Model.

is an important ethnomedicinal plant that has long been used to treat malaria and several other diseases. Despite the plant's antimalarial and other therapeutic properties, there is limited evidence-based data on its potential toxicity. Hence, the purpose of the current study was to assess the safety of leaf ethanolic extract (AAE).

Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Effects and Subacute Toxicity of the Aerial Parts of J.B.Hall (Rubiaceae) in Murine Models.

Background: The present study aimed at validating the traditional use and toxicity profile of a methanolic extract of the aerial parts of in alleviating depression and anxiety disorders.

Method: The antidepressant effect of methanolic extract of (PAE 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg, .) was assessed in mice using the forced swim test (FST) and the tail suspension test (TST).

Gross and Histopathology of Goats Feeding on in Laikipia County, Kenya.

Various plant species such as have developed defensive measures, namely, spines, thorns, and other sharp pointed structures to protect themselves from herbivores and other animals feeding on them. has invaded the northern part of Laikipia County, Kenya, and its fruits are protected by small spines called glochids. This study determined the pathology in goats feeding on this plant in Laikipia County.

Efficacy of Ivermectin, Liquid Paraffin, and Carbaryl against Mange of Farmed Rabbits in Central Kenya.

Mange is a common disease of rabbits globally, and knowledge of efficacy of drugs used in its treatment is critical for effective disease control. The current study evaluated the efficacy of three commonly used therapeutic agents in Kenya against mange. In a controlled laboratory trial, 20 adult rabbits were recruited for the study (16 of which were infested with mange, while 4 were mange-free).

Peste Des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in Dromedary Camels and Small Ruminants in Mandera and Wajir Counties of Kenya.

A study was conducted to determine the presence of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in camel population kept together with small ruminants in Isiolo, Mandera, Marsabit, and Wajir counties of Kenya. This was done in the wake of a disease with unknown etiology "" camels in the horn of Africa. Thirty-eight (38) samples, 12, 8, 15, and 3 samples, were collected from Mandera, Wajir, Isiolo, and Marsabit, respectively, from 25 camels, 7 goats, and 4 sheep.

Efficacy of Sulphachloropyrazine, Amprolium Hydrochloride, Trimethoprim-Sulphamethoxazole, and Diclazuril against Experimental and Natural Rabbit Coccidiosis.

There are no anticoccidial drugs labelled for rabbits in Kenya and those available are used as extra labels from poultry. The drugs are used in rabbits with limited knowledge of their efficacy and safety. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of sulphachloropyrazine, amprolium hydrochloride, and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole relative to diclazuril when used curatively against experimental and natural rabbit coccidiosis.

Hematologic Values of Healthy and Sick Free-ranging Lesser Flamingos ( Phoeniconaias minor) in Kenya.

We determined hematologic parameters of five healthy and nine sick free-ranging Lesser Flamingos ( Phoeniconaias minor) from Lake Nakuru, Kenya. Heterophilia and lymphopenia were evident in sick birds, with up to 7.5-fold higher heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in sick birds compared to healthy birds.

Cytotoxic activity of medicinal plants of the Kakamega County (Kenya) against drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant cancer cells.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The geographical location of Kakamega County proximal to the Kakamega Rain Forest in Kenya and its rich flora represents an interesting resource of traditional medicinal plants. The medicinal plants in the present study are traditionally used to treat cancer in Kakamega County as recorded in published literature.

Aim Of The Study: Due to multidrug resistance (MDR) and severe side effects of currently used drugs in clinical oncology, new candidate compounds are urgently required to improve treatment outcome.

A 56-Day Oral Toxicity Study of the Aqueous Extract of (L.) Mez in Rats.

is a tropical tree that is extensively utilized in African traditional medicine to treat helminthiases, tuberculosis, and heart-water. As with many other medicinal plants, there is insufficient information regarding the safety of therapeutic extracts. An aqueous extract of stem bark was administered to Sprague Dawley rats at doses of 100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg for 56 days to characterize its potential toxicity after prolonged dosing.

Prevalence and geographical distribution of Papio hamadryas papillomavirus 1 (PhPV1) in Kenyan baboons.

Papio hamadryas papillomavirus (PhPV) 1, 2, and 3, are Alphapapillomaviruses that have been detected in Kenyan Olive baboons but the distribution is unknown. Therefore, cervical screening for PhPV1 was performed in baboons from various areas in Kenya using a nested polymerase chain reaction. The prevalence rate was 33%.

Prevalence, pathology and risk factors for coccidiosis in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in selected regions in Kenya.

Background: The potential for rabbit production in Kenya is high. However, high morbidity and mortality of domestic rabbits were reported.

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the pathology, prevalence and the predisposing factors to coccidiosis in domestic rabbits in selected regions in Kenya.

Sub-acute toxicity of the chloroformic extract of Rapanea melanophloeos (L.) Mez in rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Cape beech (Rapanea melanophloeos) is an important medicinal plant that is widely used in most of Africa. Currently, little toxicological information is available on its safety following prolonged use.

Aim Of The Study: In this study, we sought to evaluate the oral sub-acute toxicity of Rapanea melanophloeos stem bark chloroformic extract using Sprague Dawley rats.

Erythrina abyssinica prevents meningoencephalitis in chronic Trypanosoma brucei brucei mouse model.

Human African trypanosomiasis is prevalent in Sub-sahara African countries that lie between 14° North and 29° south of the equator. Sixty million people are at risk of infection. Trypanosoma brucei gambesience occurs in West and Central Africa while Trypanosoma brucei rhodesience occurs in East and Southern Africa.

Medicinal plants used in treatment and management of cancer in Kakamega County, Kenya.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Traditional medicine plays a critical role in treatment of chronic debilitating and life threatening conditions and diseases. Cancer is one such condition whose therapeutic intervention is commonly through inexpensive traditional herbal remedies. Increasingly industrialised societies are developing drugs and chemotherapeutics from these traditional herbal plants.

Ethnodiagnostic skills of the digo community for malaria: a lead to traditional bioprospecting.

Malaria is a major public health problem that is presently complicated by the development of resistance by Plasmodium falciparum to the mainstay drugs. Thus, new drugs with unique structures and mechanism of action are required to treat drug-resistant strains of malaria. Historically, compounds containing a novel structure from natural origin represent a major source for the discovery and development of new drugs for several diseases.

Traditional antimalarial phytotherapy remedies used by the South Coast community, Kenya.

Aim Of The Study: This study was conducted to document herbal medicines used in the treatment of malaria as well as the existing knowledge, attitudes and practices related to malaria recognition, control and treatment in South Coast, Kenya.

Methods: Data was collected using semistructured questionnaires and interviews. A focused group discussion held with the community members, one in each of the study villages supplemented the interview and questionnaire survey.

Antimalarial herbal remedies of Msambweni, Kenya.

Malaria is a serious cause of mortality globally. The disease is of regional concern in Africa and of national interest in Kenya due to its high morbidity and mortality as a result of development of resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum to many existing drugs such as chloroquine. Alternative medicine using herbal remedies are commonly used to treat malaria in Kenya.

Volume of the ligamentum capitis femoris in osteoarthritic hip joints of adult dogs.

Ventrodorsal pelvic radiographs were made of 32 adult dogs under general anaesthesia. The hip joints were evaluated according to the severity of osteoarthritic changes graded as 0, 1, 2 or 3. The dogs were euthanased, the hip joints opened and the ligamentum capitis femoris dissected out in toto.

Toxicity of chloroform extract of prunus africana stem bark in rats: gross and histological lesions.

Chloroform extract of Prunus africana (Hook f. (Rosaceae) did not cause clinical signs or pathology in rats at daily oral doses of up to 1,000 mg/kg for 8 weeks. The extract caused marked clinical signs, organ damage and a 50% mortality rate at a dose of 3.

Biochemical and haematological changes in rats administered an aqueous extract of Prunus africana stem-bark at various dosage levels.

An aqueous extract of Prunus africana (Hook. f.) Kalkm.

Suspected sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever in a zero-grazed dairy herd in Kenya.

An outbreak of a disease characterised by very high mortality occurred in a group of nine calves (1B4 months old) in a zero-grazing unit 2-3 weeks after an introduction of an apparently healthy alien sheep into the calf pen. Five of the six calves which contracted the disease died. The main clinical signs observed were marked depression, persistently high body temperature (40,5-41,5 degrees C), copious mucopurulent nasal and ocular discharges, dyspnoea, bilateral keratoconjunctivitis with corneal opacity, enlargement of the superficial lymph nodes and marked erythema and/or superficial erosions of the buccal mucosae.

Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma (brucei) evansi in small east African goats.

Trypanosoma evansi is the cause of surra, a camel disease which is the most important single cause of economic losses in camel rearing areas. Sheep and goats herded with camels are the most likely hosts for T evansi. Upon intravenous infections goats developed erratic parasitaemia, lost weight and their packed cell volume dropped significantly (P < 0.

Natural besnoitiosis in a rabbit.

An adult female rabbit was submitted for necropsy after sudden death. Pneumonia and nephritis were diagnosed by gross examination. On histological examination.

The effects of experimental Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) (brucei) evansi infection on the fertility of male goats.

The effects on the fertility of small East African male goats of intravenous infection with Trypanosoma (t) (b) evansi were studied. Six infected bucks developed erratic, low but persistent parasitaemia, the packed cell volume dropped gradually but significantly (p less than 0.001) and they became emanciated.