Barriers to and enablers of the early diagnosis of breast cancer among women from ethnic minority backgrounds in the UK: protocol for a qualitative evidence synthesis.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women of all ethnic groups in the UK. The largest single ethnic groups in the UK are white, Indian, Pakistani, black African and black Caribbean. Previous studies have shown that women from ethnic minority groups are more likely to be diagnosed with more advanced disease at presentation compared with women from white backgrounds which is associated with poorer outcomes.

A comparative analysis of risk factor associations with interval and screen-detected breast cancers: A large UK prospective study.

The associations of certain factors, such as age and menopausal hormone therapy, with breast cancer risk are known to differ for interval and screen-detected cancers. However, the extent to which associations of other established breast cancer risk factors differ by mode of detection is unclear. We investigated associations of a wide range of risk factors using data from a large UK cohort with linkage to the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme, cancer registration, and other health records.

Age and sex can predict cancer risk in people referred with breast symptoms.

argue that risk stratification by age and sex should be used to help manage demand on breast clinics efficiently to minimise delays in diagnosis

The impact of the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic on breast cancer diagnoses: a population-based study in England.

Cancer services were seriously disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using publicly available data for England, we show that breast cancer diagnoses decreased substantially in the first year of the pandemic, but have recovered to at least pre-pandemic levels. Long term follow-up is needed to assess the impact on outcomes.

The burden of risk factors for non-communicable disease in rural Bihar, India: a comparative study with national health surveys.

Background: The incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is increasing in rural India. The National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5) provides estimates of the burden of NCDs and their risk factors in women aged 15-49 and men aged 15-54 years. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and body-mass index (BMI) in adults aged 35-70 years in rural India and to compare these estimates, where age ranges overlap, to routinely available data.

Understanding breast cancer as a global health concern.

Breast cancer is now the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world. The most recent global cancer burden figures estimate that there were 2.26 million incident breast cancer cases in 2020 and the disease is the leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide.

Detailed breast cancer pathology data for large-scale studies - access and completeness in NSW, Australia.

Objectives: We sought to determine the ease with which breast cancer pathology data could be ascertained for a large cohort of Australian women, to support epidemiological research.

Method: We assessed a range of options for accessing breast cancer pathology data. Manual review of the pathology report provided to the New South Wales Cancer Registry (NSWCR) was considered most feasible, complete and reliable.

Ethnicity and breast cancer in the UK: Where are we now?

Outcomes from breast cancer for women in the UK have improved significantly over recent decades. These gains are largely attributable to a combination of earlier diagnosis and access to treatments delivered to patients by the National Health Service irrespective of cost. Ethnic minority groups make up almost fifteen percent of the UK population and there is concern however that these groups may have poorer outcomes from the disease.

Ethnicity and the surgical management of early invasive breast cancer in over 164 000 women.

Background: Limited information is available about patterns of surgical management of early breast cancer by ethnicity of women in England, and any potential inequalities in the treatment received for breast cancer.

Methods: National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service data for women diagnosed with early invasive breast cancer (ICD-10 C50) during 2012-2017 were analysed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95 per cent confidence intervals for the risk of mastectomy versus breast-conserving surgery by ethnicity (black African, black Caribbean, Indian, Pakistani and white), adjusting for age, region, deprivation, year of diagnosis, co-morbidity and stage at diagnosis.

Ethnicity and the tumour characteristics of invasive breast cancer in over 116,500 women in England.

Background: Ethnic minority women are commonly reported to have more aggressive breast cancer than White women, but there is little contemporary national evidence available.

Methods: We analysed data from the National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service on women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer during 2013-2018. Multivariable logistic regression yielded adjusted odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) of less favourable tumour characteristics (high stage, high grade, ER negative, Her2 positive) by ethnicity (black African, black Caribbean, Indian, Pakistani and white) in younger (30-46 years) and older (53-70 years) women.

The COVID-19 pandemic and impact on breast cancer diagnoses: what happened in England in the first half of 2020.

Delays in cancer diagnosis and treatment due to the COVID-19 pandemic is a widespread source of concern, but the scale of the challenge for different tumour sites is not known. Routinely collected NHS England Cancer Waiting Time data were analysed to compare activity for breast cancer in the first 6 months of 2020 compared to the same time period in 2019. The number of referrals for suspected breast cancer was 28% lower (N = 231,765 versus N = 322,994), and the number of patients who received their first treatment for a breast cancer diagnosis was 16% lower (N = 19,965 versus N = 23,881).

Disability and participation in breast and bowel cancer screening in England: a large prospective study.

Background: There is limited information about participation in organised population-wide screening programmes by people with disabilities.

Methods: Data from the National Health Service routine screening programmes in England were linked to information on disability reported by the Million Women Study cohort participants.

Results: Of the 473 185 women offered routine breast or bowel cancer screening, 23% reported some disability.

Lifelong vegetarianism and breast cancer risk: a large multicentre case control study in India.

Background: The lower incidence of breast cancer in Asian populations where the intake of animal products is lower than that of Western populations has led some to suggest that a vegetarian diet might reduce breast cancer risk.

Methods: Between 2011 and 2014 we conducted a multicentre hospital based case-control study in eight cancer centres in India. Eligible cases were women aged 30-70 years, with newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer (ICD10 C50).

Heterogeneity of colorectal cancer risk by tumour characteristics: Large prospective study of UK women.

Associations between behavioural and other personal factors and colorectal cancer risk have been reported to vary by tumour characteristics, but evidence is inconsistent. In a large UK-based prospective study we examined associations of 14 postulated risk factors with colorectal cancer risk overall, and across three anatomical sites and four morphological subtypes. Among 1.

Night Shift Work and Breast Cancer Incidence: Three Prospective Studies and Meta-analysis of Published Studies.

Background: It has been proposed that night shift work could increase breast cancer incidence. A 2007 World Health Organization review concluded, mainly from animal evidence, that shift work involving circadian disruption is probably carcinogenic to humans. We therefore aimed to generate prospective epidemiological evidence on night shift work and breast cancer incidence.

Ethnic differences in breast cancer incidence in England are due to differences in known risk factors for the disease: prospective study.

Background: In the United Kingdom, breast cancer incidence is lower in South Asian and Black women than in White women, but the extent to which this is due to known risk factors is unknown. In a large prospective study, we describe breast cancer incidence by ethnicity, before and after adjustment for known risk factors for the disease.

Methods: Women were recruited into the Million Women Study in 1996-2001, when information on reproductive and lifestyle factors known to influence the risk of breast cancer was obtained.

Pathology reports provided reliable and readily accessible records of surgical procedures performed in women with breast cancer.

Objective: Extracting complete and accurate records of surgical procedures from case-notes is time consuming and laborious. We compared the completeness and time taken to extract data on surgical procedures from case-notes and from pathology reports.

Study Design And Setting: Information on surgical procedures was extracted from pathology reports and hospital case-notes for 111 women with breast cancer in three centers.

Hormonal therapy for menopause and breast-cancer risk by histological type: a cohort study and meta-analysis.

Background: Little information is available on how the risk of breast cancer associated with the use of hormone therapy for menopause varies by histological type. We aimed to describe such associations for eight histological types of breast cancer.

Methods: Analyses are based on 1 031 224 postmenopausal women recruited in 1996-2001 into a nationwide UK cohort study, and followed for incident cancer and death.

Breast cancer histological classification: agreement between the Office for National Statistics and the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme.

Introduction: Epidemiological studies rely on data supplied by central cancer registration sources to be timely, accurate and complete. Validation studies of such data at a national level are limited. Data collected for the Million Women Study was used to compare the level of agreement between the Office for National Statistics (ONS) and the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme (NHSBSP) in the recording of incident screen-detected breast cancer histology between 1996 and 2001.