Gamma oscillation optimally predicts finger movements.

Our fingers are the most dexterous and complicated parts of our body and play a significant role in our daily activities. Non-invasive techniques, such as Electroencephalography (EEG) and Electromyography (EMG) can be used to collect neural and muscular signals related to finger movements. In this study, we combined an 8-channel EMG and a 31-channel EEG while the human subject moved one of the five fingers on the right hand.

A Rare Case of Right Renal Vein Entrapment: A Cadaveric Study.

Renal vein entrapment, especially concerning the right renal vein, represents a scarcely explored anatomical aberration. The right renal vein's pivotal role in renovascular renal hemodynamics underlines the clinical significance of its compression, which can precipitate an elevated renal venous pressure gradient in relation to the inferior vena cava. This report delineates a unique instance of right renal vein entrapment in a 92-year-old male cadaver, identified during routine dissection.

Preoperative Prediction and Identification of Extracapsular Extension in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: Progress and Potential.

Background This study aimed to demonstrate both the potential and development progress in the identification of extracapsular nodal extension in head and neck cancer patients prior to surgery. Methodology A deep learning model has been developed utilizing multilayer gradient mapping-guided explainable network architecture involving a volume extractor. In addition, the gradient-weighted class activation mapping approach has been appropriated to generate a heatmap of anatomic regions indicating why the algorithm predicted extension or not.

Learning to Love the LOR: Implementing an Internal Learning Object Repository at a Large National Organization.

This article is a case study that discusses the development and implementation of an internal learning object repository (LOR) for a large national organization with a distributed working environment. It describes the organizational environment and why an internal LOR was needed. It describes technical considerations, including the various document management systems (DMS) available, and why an open source DMS was selected to use as an internal LOR.

Validation of a smartphone-based event recorder for arrhythmia detection.

Introduction: Ambulatory cardiac monitoring devices such as external loop recorders (ELRs) are often used in the outpatient clinic to evaluate palpitations. However, ELRs can be bulky and uncomfortable to use, especially in public, at work, or in social situations. An alternative approach is a smartphone-based electrocardiographic (ECG) recorder/event recorder (Kardia Mobile [KM]), but the comparative diagnostic yield of each approach has not been studied.

Betel nut chewing, oral premalignant lesions, and the oral microbiome.

Oral cancers are attributed to a number of causal agents including tobacco, alcohol, human papillomavirus (HPV), and areca (betel) nut. Although betel nut chewing has been established as an independent cause of oral cancer, the mechanisms of carcinogenesis are poorly understood. An investigation was undertaken to evaluate the influence of betel nut chewing on the oral microbiome and oral premalignant lesions.

Screening for oral potentially malignant disorders among areca (betel) nut chewers in Guam and Saipan.

Background: The Mariana Islands, including Guam and Saipan, are home to many ethnic subpopulations of Micronesia. Oral cancer incidence rates vary among subpopulations, and areca (betel) nut chewing, a habit with carcinogenic risks, is common. Our objectives were to conduct a screening program to detect oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) in betel nut chewers, measure their betel nut chewing practices, and assess the prevalence of the oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in a subset of betel nut chewers in these islands.

Cross-sectional assessment of apical dye penetration following three endodontic obturation techniques.

This study sought to investigate apical leakage following three endodontic obturation techniques. Fifty-one recently extracted maxillary and mandibular canines were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) level and a size 10 file was passed to the exit of the apical foramen. Working distance was established 0.

Endodontic materials.

This article presents a review of materials currently used in the practice of endodontics. Current endodontic materials include those that have been thoroughly tested by scientific investigation, clinical usage, and time, as well as others that are the result of new knowledge in the field of dental materials. Article sections are devoted to obturation materials, sealers, irrigation materials, smear layer removal, root-end filling materials, and intracanal medicaments.

Cross-sectional assessment of apical dye penetration following clinical simulation of various endodontic techniques.

This study compared apical leakage in mesial roots of mandibular molars that resulted from three different instrumentation/obturation techniques performed in a simulated clinical setting: hand instrumentation by nickel-titanium files followed by cold lateral condensation of gutta-percha/sealer; rotary instrumentation followed by the Microseal system of obturation with softened gutta-percha; and rotary instrumentation followed by obturation with the Thermafil system. Lateral condensation generally was measured superior to the Thermafil method for preventing apical dye penetration while no consistent statistical differences were seen between the lateral condensation and Microseal groups.

Restoring fire as an ecological process in shortgrass prairie ecosystems: initial effects of prescribed burning during the dormant and growing seasons.

Prior to Anglo-European settlement, fire was a major ecological process influencing the structure, composition and productivity of shortgrass prairie ecosystems on the Great Plains. However during the past 125 years, the frequency and extent of grassland fire has dramatically declined as a result of the systematic heavy grazing by large herds of domestic cattle and sheep which reduced the available levels of fine fuel and organized fire suppression efforts that succeeded in altering the natural fire regime. The greatly diminished role of recurrent fire in these ecosystems is thought to be responsible for ecologically adverse shifts in the composition, structure and diversity of these grasslands, leading specifically to the rise of ruderal species and invasion by less fire-tolerant species.

Restoring grassland savannas from degraded pinyon-juniper woodlands: effects of mechanical overstory reduction and slash treatment alternatives.

Although the distribution and structure of pinyon-juiper woodlands in the southwestern United States are thought to be the result of historic fluctuations in regional climatic conditions, more recent increases in the areal extent, tree density, soil erosion rates and loss of understory plant diversity are attributed to heavy grazing by domestic livestock and interruption of the natural fire regime. Prior to 1850, many areas currently occupied by high-density pinyon-juniper woodlands, with their degraded soils and depauperate understories, were very likely savannas dominated by native grasses and forbs and containing sparse tree cover scattered across the landscape. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mechanical overstory reduction and three slash treatment alternatives (removal, clustering and scattering) followed by prescribed fire as techniques for restoring grassland savannas from degraded woodlands.

Sensitivity of various radiographic methods for detection of oral cancellous bone lesions.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness in diagnosing cancellous bone defects of the following radiographic methods: conventional film, digitized film, enhanced digitized film, direct digital imaging, enhanced direct digital imaging, digital subtraction, and enhanced digital subtraction.

Study Design: Mechanical lesions of varying depths were generated beneath cadaver molar and premolar mandibular tooth roots. A portfolio of radiographic images of random types and lesion sizes was presented to 20 clinicians, and their diagnoses were evaluated.

Usefulness of transesophageal echocardiography in the assessment of aortic graft dehiscence.

The diagnosis and site of graft dehiscence determined by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), and aortography in 6 patients, and by computed tomography (CT) scan in 3 patients were compared with surgery. Sensitivity of TEE was 100%, aortography 83%, CT scan 67%, and TTE 33%; TEE accurately identified severe aortic regurgitation (3), graft narrowing (2), distal aortic dissection (1), and a fistulous communication between the aortic root and the right ventricle (1) when compared with surgery or aortography.

Transesophageal color Doppler evaluation of obstructive lesions using the new "Quasar" technology.

Due to the unavoidable problem of aliasing, color flow signals from high blood flow velocities cannot be measured directly by conventional color Doppler. A new technology termed Quantitative Un-Aliased Speed Algorithm Recognition (Quasar) has been developed to overcome this limitation. Employing this technology, we used transesophageal color Doppler echocardiography to investigate whether the velocities detected by the Quasar would correlate with those obtained by continuous-wave Doppler both in vitro and in vivo.

Microbial colonization on natural tooth structure compared with smooth and plasma-sprayed dental implant surfaces.

The purpose of this study was to characterize and compare by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the maturation of supragingival microbial plaque on enamel and smooth titanium and that of subgingival plaque on cementum, plasma-sprayed titanium and hydroxyapatite surfaces. Specimens (6.5 x 2 x 1 mm) were obtained from titanium implants with smooth transmucosal collars and plasma-sprayed endosseous posts of titanium or hydroxyapatite.

Usefulness and limitations of transesophageal echocardiography in the assessment of proximal coronary artery stenosis.

To assess the usefulness of transesophageal echocardiography in the evaluation of proximal coronary artery stenosis, 111 consecutive patients (mean age 61 years) who had intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography and coronary angiography within 1 week of surgery were studied. Transesophageal echocardiography visualized the entire length of the left main artery (0.2 to 2.

Usefulness of transesophageal echocardiography in assessment of aortic dissection.

Background: The value of transesophageal echocardiography in the assessment of patients with aortic dissection was studied.

Methods And Results: Group 1 (34 patients) represented all patients studied at our institution with this technique in whom aortic dissection was proven by aortography, surgery, or autopsy. Group 2 (27 patients) represented all patients studied with this technique at our institution in whom aortic dissection was excluded by aortography.

Treatment of the endodontic emergency: a decade later.

A questionnaire was sent to diplomates of the American Board of Endodontics to determine changing trends in the treatment of endodontic emergencies since Dorn's survey 10 yr ago. There is a definitely greater trend toward complete instrumentation of the root canals to the apex regardless of the emergency condition than there was a decade ago. The number of respondents who leave teeth open when the pulp is nonvital has dropped dramatically in the past decade.

Two-dimensional and color Doppler assessment of ventricular septal defect of congenital origin.

Two-dimensional echocardiography and color Doppler examinations were performed in 53 patients with 58 ventricular septal defects (VSD) proven surgically or anatomically. All patients also had angiocardiograms. Two-dimensional echocardiography/color Doppler examination detected all VSDs and correctly categorized the site and extension of VSDs in 50 of 58 (86%).

Oral hygiene for the severely handicapped: clinical evaluation of the University of Mississippi dental care system.

The study reported here was a clinical evaluation of an automatic toothbrushing device for persons with severe handicapping conditions. This device, the University of Mississippi dental care system, is designed for patients who are unable to control their arms and hands. The effectiveness of this device was compared to routine (ordinary, manual) regimens of oral hygiene through use of gingival (Loe-Silness) and plaque (Turesky) indexes (GIs, PIs).