Mechanisms and consequences of excess exercise ventilation in fibrosing interstitial lung disease.

The causes and consequences of excess exercise ventilation (EEV) in patients with fibrosing interstitial lung disease (f-ILD) were explored. Twenty-eight adults with f-ILD and 13 controls performed an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test. EEV was defined as ventilation-carbon dioxide output (⩒E-⩒CO) slope ≥36 L/L.

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing to indicate increased ventilatory variability in subjects with dysfunctional breathing.

Background: Dysfunctional breathing (DB) is a common, but largely underappreciated, cause of chronic dyspnoea. Under visual inspection, most subjects with DB present with larger sequential changes in ventilation (V̇E) and breathing pattern (tidal volume (VT) and breathing frequency (f)) before and/or during incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Currently, however, there are no objective criteria to indicate increased ventilatory variability in these subjects.

Responses to progressive exercise in subjects with chronic dyspnea and inspiratory muscle weakness.

Introduction: Inspiratory muscle weakness (IMW) is a potential cause of exertional dyspnea frequently under-appreciated in clinical practice. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is usually requested as part of the work-up for unexplained breathlessness, but the specific pattern of exercise responses ascribed to IMW is insufficiently characterized.

Objectives: To identify the physiological and sensorial responses to progressive exercise in dyspneic patients with IMW without concomitant cardiorespiratory or neuromuscular diseases.

Are the "critical" inspiratory constraints actually decisive to limit exercise tolerance in COPD?

https://bit.ly/2A6bCxD.

Effect of the expiratory positive airway pressure on dynamic hyperinflation and exercise capacity in patients with COPD: a meta-analysis.

Expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) is widely applicable, either as a strategy for pulmonary reexpansion, elimination of pulmonary secretion or to reduce hyperinflation. However, there is no consensus in the literature about the real benefits of EPAP in reducing dynamic hyperinflation (DH) and increasing exercise tolerance in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To systematically review the effects of EPAP application during the submaximal stress test on DH and exercise capacity in patients with COPD.

Tidal Flow-Volume Loop Enveloping at Rest in Advanced COPD.

Background: Expiratory flow limitation (EFL) is a key physiological abnormality in COPD. Comparing tidal-to-maximum flow-volume (F-V) loops is a simple and widely available method to assess EFL in patients with COPD. We aimed to investigate whether subjects with COPD showing significant resting tidal F-V enveloping (ie, > 50% tidal volume) would present with higher exertional operating lung volumes, which would lead to greater burden of dyspnea and poorer exercise tolerance compared to their counterparts.

Sensory consequences of critical inspiratory constraints during exercise in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

We aimed to assess detailed ventilatory and sensory responses to exercise contrasting subjects with and without PAH. 20 non-smoking patients with PAH (37.5 ± 12.

Respiratory sound analysis in the era of evidence-based medicine and the world of medicine 2.0.

Objective: This paper describes the state of the art, scientific publications, and ongoing research related to the methods of analysis of respiratory sounds.

Methods And Material: Narrative review of the current medical and technological literature using Pubmed and personal experience.

Results: We outline the various techniques that are currently being used to collect auscultation sounds and provide a physical description of known pathological sounds for which automatic detection tools have been developed.

Low exertional inspiratory capacity is not related to dynamic inspiratory muscle weakness in heart failure.

Reduction in inspiratory capacity (IC) during exercise has been reported in chronic heart failure (CHF). Since inspiratory muscle dysfunction may be present to a variable degree, the assumption that IC reduction during exercise represents an increase in end-expiratory lung volume must be made with caution. This interpretation is flawed if patients develop dynamic inspiratory muscle strength reduction, i.

The Associations of Perceived Social Support with Key HIV Risk and Protective Factors Among Young Males Who Have Sex with Males in Bangkok and Chiang Mai, Thailand.

This study used respondent-driven sampling to explore the effects of social support on HIV risk and protective factors among young males who have sex with males (YMSM) in Bangkok (N = 273) and Chiang Mai (N = 243), Thailand. It compared different measures of social support, including living situation, the proportion of family and friends to whom the respondent had disclosed their same-sex attraction, and scores on the multi-dimensional scale of perceived social support as predictors of two outcomes of interest-coerced first sex and HIV knowledge. Social support from family played a mediating role in both outcomes among YMSM in Bangkok but not those from Chiang Mai.

Effects of Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure on Exercise Tolerance, Dynamic Hyperinflation, and Dyspnea in COPD.

Introduction: The application of expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) in patients with COPD during exercise may reduce dynamic hyperinflation, while, on the other hand, it can increase the resistive work of breathing. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of 2 intensities of EPAP during exercise on tolerance, dynamic hyperinflation, and dyspnea in subjects with moderate to very severe COPD.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional, experimental, 4-visit study.

Acute effects of Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure (EPAP) on different levels in ventilation and electrical activity of sternocleidomastoid and parasternal muscles in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To investigate the acute effects of EPAP on the activity of sternocleidomastoid (SCM), parasternal muscles and ventilatory parameters in COPD patients.

Method: Twenty-four patients with COPD were studied using surface electromyography (sEMG) and a ventilometer. Patients were randomly assigned to EPAP 10 cmH2O-EPAP10 or 15 cmH2O-EPAP15 for 20 minutes.

Uptake of early infant diagnosis in Thailand's national program for preventing mother-to-child HIV transmission and linkage to care, 2008-2011.

Introduction: Early infant diagnosis (EID) has been a component of Thailand's prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) programme since 2007. This study assessed the uptake, EID coverage, proportion of HIV-exposed infants receiving a definitive HIV diagnosis, mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) rates and linkage to HIV care and treatment.

Methods: Infant polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing data from the National AIDS Program database were analyzed.

Recent HIV Testing Among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men in Bangkok and Chiang Mai: HIV Testing and Prevention Strategies Must Be Enhanced in Thailand.

HIV infection among men who have sex with men, particularly in Thai urban settings and among younger cohorts, is escalating. HIV testing and counseling (HTC) are important for prevention and obtaining treatment and care. We examine data from a 2013 survey of males, 15-24 years, reporting past-year sex with a male and living in Bangkok or Chiang Mai.

Inspiratory muscle training with threshold or incentive spirometry: Which is the most effective?

Inspiratory muscular training (IMT) increases the respiratory muscle strength, however, there is no data demonstrating its superiority over the incentive spirometry (IS) in doing so. Values of muscle strength after IMT (Threshold IMT(®)) and by the IS (Voldyne(®)) in healthy females was compared. Subjects (n=40) were randomly divided into control group (CG, n=14), IS group (ISG, n=13) and threshold group (TG, n=13).

WITHDRAWN: Inspiratory muscle training with threshold or incentive spirometry: Which is the most effective?

This article has been withdrawn for editorial reasons because the journal will be published only in English. In order to avoid duplicated records, this article can be found at http://dx.doi.

The influence of active and passive smoking on the cardiorespiratory fitness of adults.

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of active and passive smoking on cardiorespiratory responses in asymptomatic adults during a sub-maximal-exertion incremental test.

Methods: The participants (n = 43) were divided into three different groups: active smokers (n = 14; aged 36.5 ± 8 years), passive smokers (n = 14; aged 34.

HIVQUAL-T: monitoring and improving HIV clinical care in Thailand, 2002-08.

Objective: We report experience of HIVQUAL-T implementation in Thailand.

Design: Program evaluation.

Setting: Twelve government hospital clinics.

Implementing services for Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) of HIV: a comparative descriptive analysis of national programs in four countries.

Background: There is a significant increase in survival for HIV-infected children who have early access to diagnosis and treatment. The goal of this multi-country review was to examine when and where HIV-exposed infants and children are being diagnosed, and whether the EID service is being maximally utilized to improve health outcomes for HIV-exposed children.

Methods: In four countries across Africa and Asia existing documents and data were reviewed and key informant interviews were conducted.

A French national research project to the creation of an auscultation's school: the ASAP project.

Auscultation of pulmonary sounds provides valuable clinical information but has been regarded as a tool of low diagnostic value due to the inherent subjectivity in the evaluation of these sounds. This paper describes an ambitious study of in the so-called ASAP project or "Analyse de Sons Auscultatoires et Pathologiques". ASAP is a 3-year-long French collaborative project developed in the context of the News Technologies of Information and Communication.