Development and Characterization of a 13-Plex Binding Assay to Detect Antibodies in Human Samples.

is the leading bacterial cause of diarrhea worldwide, with increasing levels of antibiotic resistance. The greatest burden is among children aged <5 years in low- and middle-income countries, and efforts are ongoing to develop vaccines against this pathogen. One of the challenges associated with the development of a vaccine against is the need for a multivalent vaccine covering the most prevalent serotypes.

H, C and N assignment of self-complemented MrkA protein antigen from Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) poses an escalating threat to public health, particularly given its association with nosocomial infections and its emergence as a leading cause of neonatal sepsis, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Host cell adherence and biofilm formation of Kp is mediated by type 1 and type 3 fimbriae whose major fimbrial subunits are encoded by the fimA and mrkA genes, respectively. In this study, we focus on MrkA subunit, which is a 20 KDa protein whose 3D molecular structure remains elusive.

Development of a visual Adhesion/Invasion Inhibition Assay to assess the functionality of -specific antibodies.

Introduction: is the etiologic agent of a bacillary dysentery known as shigellosis, which causes millions of infections and thousands of deaths worldwide each year due to 's unique lifestyle within intestinal epithelial cells. Cell adhesion/invasion assays have been extensively used not only to identify targets mediating host-pathogen interaction, but also to evaluate the ability of -specific antibodies to reduce virulence. However, these assays are time-consuming and labor-intensive and fail to assess differences at the single-cell level.

Testing GMMA with and without Aluminium Salt-Based Adjuvants in Animal Models.

Shigellosis is one of the leading causes of diarrheal disease in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in young children, and is more often associated with antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, a preventive vaccine against shigellosis is an urgent medical need. We have proposed Generalised Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA) as an innovative delivery system for O-antigen, and an Alhydrogel formulation (1790GAHB) has been extensively tested in preclinical and clinical studies.

Development and Application of a High-Throughput Method for the Purification and Analysis of Surface Carbohydrates from .

(Kp) is a Gram-negative bacterium, and a leading cause of neonatal sepsis in low- and middle-income countries, often associated with anti-microbial resistance. Two types of polysaccharides are expressed on the Kp cell surface and have been proposed as key antigens for vaccine design: capsular polysaccharides (known as K-antigens, K-Ags) and O-antigens (O-Ags). Historically, Kp has been classified using capsule serotyping and although 186 distinct genotypes have been predicted so far based on sequence analysis, many structures are still unknown.

decorations in play a key role in eliciting functional immune responses against heterologous serovars in animal models.

Introduction: Different serovars of Salmonella enterica cause systemic diseases in humans including enteric fever, caused by S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A, and invasive nontyphoidal salmonellosis (iNTS), caused mainly by S.

Anatomical landmarks for ultrasound-guided rectus femoris diagnostic nerve block in post-stroke spasticity.

Introduction/purpose: To determine the location of the rectus femoris (RF) motor branch nerve, as well as its coordinates with reference to anatomical and ultrasound landmarks.

Methods: Thirty chronic stroke patients with stiff knee gait (SKG) and RF hyperactivity were included. The motor nerve branch to the RF muscle was identified medially to the vertical line from anterior superior iliac spine and the midpoint of the superior margin of the patella (line AP) and vertically to the horizontal line from the femoral pulse and its intersection point with the line AP (line F).

Psychometric testing of the nurses professional values scale-revised on family and community health nurses.

Background: Family and Community Health Nurses (FCHNs) are at a higher risk of experiencing emotional exhaustion and feelings of low personal accomplishment. Higher levels of professional identity may decrease these negative feelings. Its measurement could produce positive effects for FCHNs and the quality of care they offer.

State of the Art on Family and Community Health Nursing International Theories, Models and Frameworks: A Scoping Review.

A Family and Community Health Nursing (FCHN) model was first conceptualized by the WHO approximately 25 years ago in response to the epidemiological transition leading to major changes in the population health needs. To date, no study has comprehensively explored the adherence of current applications of FCHN to the WHO original framework. We carried out a scoping review on PubMed, Scopus and CINAHL with the aim to compare the main features of FCHN models developed at the international level with the WHO's framework.

A next-generation GMMA-based vaccine candidate to fight shigellosis.

Shigellosis is a leading cause of diarrheal disease in low-middle-income countries (LMICs). Effective vaccines will help to reduce the disease burden, exacerbated by increasing antibiotic resistance, in the most susceptible population represented by young children. A challenge for a broadly protective vaccine against shigellosis is to cover the most epidemiologically relevant serotypes among >50 Shigella serotypes circulating worldwide.

A Narrative Review on Multi-Domain Instrumental Approaches to Evaluate Neuromotor Function in Rehabilitation.

In clinical scenarios, the use of biomedical sensors, devices and multi-parameter assessments is fundamental to provide a comprehensive portrait of patients' state, in order to adapt and personalize rehabilitation interventions and support clinical decision-making. However, there is a huge gap between the potential of the multidomain techniques available and the limited practical use that is made in the clinical scenario. This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art and provides insights into future directions of multi-domain instrumental approaches in the clinical assessment of patients involved in neuromotor rehabilitation.

Peripherally inserted central venous catheter for pediatric acute leukemia: A retrospective 11-year single-center experience.

Background: Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are successfully increasingly used in children in onco-hematologic setting. PICC insertion, especially in oncologic patients, can be associated with adverse events (thrombosis, mechanical complications, and infections). Data regarding the use of PICC, as long-term access in pediatric patients with severe hematologic diseases, are still limited.

Increasing the Passive Range of Joint Motion in Stroke Patients Using Botulinum Toxin: The Role of Pain Relief.

By blocking the release of neurotransmitters, botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) is an effective treatment for muscle over-activity and pain in stroke patients. BoNT-A has also been reported to increase passive range of motion (p-ROM), the decrease of which is mainly due to muscle shortening (i.e.

The other side of COVID-19: A cross-sectional study on mental health in a sample of Italian nurses during the second wave.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a drastic increase in the workload of healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, with serious consequences for their psychological well-being. Our study aimed to identify demographic and work-related factors, as well as clinical predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), in nurses employed during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study between December 2020 and April 2021 on nurses employed during the COVID-19 second wave (October - December 2020).

Toward a Vaccine: Opportunities and Challenges to Fight an Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogen.

Shigellosis causes more than 200,000 deaths worldwide and most of this burden falls on Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), with a particular incidence in children under 5 years of age. In the last decades, has become even more worrisome because of the onset of antimicrobial-resistant strains (AMR). Indeed, the WHO has listed as one of the priority pathogens for the development of new interventions.

Development and Rasch Validation of an Observational Assessment Tool of Upper Limb Functional Impairment in Stroke Survivors: Functional Assessment Test for Upper Limb.

Objective: To develop and validate a quick observational clinical tool, the Functional ASsessment Test for Upper Limb (FAST-UL), for the evaluation of upper limb impairment in goal-directed functional-oriented motor tasks after stroke.

Design: Observational, cross-sectional, psychometric study.

Setting: Inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation clinic.

The Impact of eHealth Interventions on the Improvement of Self-Care in Chronic Patients: An Overview of Systematic Reviews.

Promoting self-care is one of the most promising strategies for managing chronic conditions. This overview aimed to investigate the effectiveness of eHealth interventions at improving self-care in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease when compared to standard care. We carried out a review of systematic reviews on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, PsychInfo, and CINAHL.

GMMA as an Alternative Carrier for a Glycoconjugate Vaccine against Group A .

Group A (GAS) causes about 500,000 annual deaths globally, and no vaccines are currently available. The Group A Carbohydrate (GAC), conserved across all GAS serotypes, conjugated to an appropriate carrier protein, represents a promising vaccine candidate. Here, we explored the possibility to use Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA) as an alternative carrier system for GAC, exploiting their intrinsic adjuvant properties.

Rapid generation of Shigella flexneri GMMA displaying natural or new and cross-reactive O-Antigens.

Generalized modules for membrane antigens (GMMA) are exosomes released from engineered Gram-negative bacteria and represent an attractive vaccine platform for the delivery of the O-Antigen (OAg), recognized as the key target for protective immunity against several pathogens such as Shigella. Shigella is a major cause of disease in Low- and Middle-Income countries and the development of a vaccine needs to deal with its large serotypic diversity. All S.