Ventilatory Threshold Related to V̇O 2 reserve, Heart Rate Reserve, and Rating of Perceived Exertion in a Large Varied Sample.

Purpose: ACSM guidelines state that aerobic exercise intensity should be 30%/40% to 89% V̇O 2 reserve (V̇O 2 R) or heart rate reserve (HRR). Determining the proper intensity within this range is the "art" of exercise prescription, often relying on rating of perceived exertion (RPE) as the adjunctive intensity modulator. Current guidelines do not consider the use of ventilatory threshold (VT) due to the need for specialized equipment and methodological issues.

Metabolic Demand of Hiking in Wildland Firefighting.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to document characteristics of hiking during wildland firefighter (WLFF) training and wildfire suppression. For the first time, the overall physical demands during wildland firefighting were evaluated in the field using global positioning systems coupled with wireless physiological monitoring and load carriage prediction models.

Methods: Male (n=116) and female (n=15) interagency hotshot crew and type II WLFFs on wildfires volunteered for this direct observation study.

Predicting the Influence of Streamflow on Migration and Spawning of a Threatened Diadromous Fish, the Australian Grayling Prototroctes Maraena.

The development of effective strategies to restore the biological functioning of aquatic ecosystems with altered flow regimes requires a detailed understanding of flow-ecology requirements, which is unfortunately lacking in many cases. By understanding the flow conditions required to initiate critical life history events such as migration and spawning, it is possible to mitigate the threats posed by regulated river flow by providing targeted environmental flow releases from impoundments. In this study, we examined the influence of hydrological variables (e.

Urological Outcome of the Xiao Procedure in Children with Myelomeningocele and Lipomyelomeningocele Undergoing Spinal Cord Detethering.

Purpose: Although previous studies have revealed high success rates (70% to 85%) after an intradural somatic-to-autonomic nerve transfer procedure in children with spinal dysraphism, no study has had a control group or blinded observers. We report a rigorously designed study to investigate the effectiveness of the Xiao procedure.

Materials And Methods: Children with neurogenic bladder dysfunction related to myelomeningocele or lipomyelomeningocele who required spinal cord detethering were randomized to 2 groups at surgery, with half undergoing only spinal cord detethering and half undergoing the Xiao procedure in addition to detethering.

Lack of efficacy of an intradural somatic-to-autonomic nerve anastomosis (Xiao procedure) for bladder control in children with myelomeningocele and lipomyelomeningocele: results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind study.

OBJECTIVE Xiao et al. and other investigators have studied an intradural somatic-to-autonomic (e.g.

Community-identified strategies to increase physical activity during elementary school recess on an American Indian reservation: A pilot study.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an 8-week recess intervention on physical activity levels in children attending elementary school on an American Indian reservation during fall 2013. Physical activity was measured with direct observation in three zones on the playground. Lines were painted on existing pavement in zone 1.

Binary Mixtures of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Display Nonadditive Mixture Interactions in an In Vitro Liver Cell Model.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been labeled contaminants of concern due to their carcinogenic potential, insufficient toxicological data, environmental ubiquity, and inconsistencies in the composition of environmental mixtures. The Environmental Protection Agency is reevaluating current methods for assessing the toxicity of PAHs, including the assumption of toxic additivity in mixtures. This study was aimed at testing mixture interactions through in vitro cell culture experimentation, and modeling the toxicity using quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR).

Angiography-negative primary angiitis of the central nervous system in childhood.

Childhood primary angiitis of the CNS is a recently characterized, potentially reversible disease process. A favorable outcome requires early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The histological findings of childhood primary angiitis of the CNS are characterized by a lymphocytic, nongranulomatous vasculitis.

Attempted bladder reinnervation and creation of a scratch reflex for bladder emptying through a somatic-to-autonomic intradural anastomosis.

An intradural somatic-to-autonomic anastomosis, or Xiao procedure, has been described to create a "skin-CNS-bladder" reflex that improves bladder and bowel function in patients with neurogenic bladder and bowel dysfunction. The authors present their experience with a 10-year-old boy with chronic neurogenic bladder and bowel dysfunction related to spinal cord injury who underwent the Xiao procedure. After undergoing a left L-5 ventral root to left S2-3 intradural anastomosis, the patient reported that his bladder and bowel dysfunction improved between 6 and 12 months.

Developing and piloting the Journey to Native Youth Health program in Northern Plains Indian communities.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a lifestyle change program for Native American youth by modifying the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and assess implementation indicators and short term behavioral and physiological outcomes of the intervention among a small pilot sample.

Methods: Community members and project staff modified the original DPP to be developmentally and culturally appropriate for youth targeting healthy weight maintenance, lowering fat intake, and increasing physical activity. Modifications included incorporating cultural aspects and delivering the program in small groups led by community members.

Base camp personnel exposure to particulate matter during wildland fire suppression activities.

Wildland fire base camps commonly house thousands of support personnel for weeks at a time. The selection of the location of these base camps is largely a strategic decision that incorporates many factors, one of which is the potential impact of biomass smoke from the nearby fire event. Biomass smoke has many documented adverse health effects due, primarily, to high levels of fine particulate matter (PM(2.

The use of transcutaneous thermal convection analysis to assess shunt function in the pediatric population.

Background: The diagnosis of shunt malfunction is largely made by subjective clinical history and assessment in association with neurodiagnostic imaging.

Objective: : To evaluate the use of a transcutaneous thermal convection device for the diagnosis of shunt malfunction.

Methods: We present the results of a trial of a commercially available device under an Institutional Review Board-approved protocol.

Congenital dermoid tumor in a child at initial myelomeningocele closure: an etiological discussion.

The authors report on a case of a full-term infant with lumbar myelomeningocele who was found to have an intramedullary mass at the time of surgical repair of the defect. The intramedullary mass was consistent with a dermoid tumor both macroscopically and microscopically. This case provides evidence that dermoid tumors occurring at the site of previous surgical myelomeningocele repair are not always a consequence of incomplete excision of the dermal elements.

Exogenous carbohydrate spares muscle glycogen in men and women during 10 h of exercise.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation on whole-body and net muscle substrate use during 10 h of discontinuous exercise, simulating occupational settings in men and women.

Methodology: Recreationally trained subjects (N = 7 males, N = 6 females) performed a graded exercise test on a treadmill (TM) and cycle ergometer (CE) to determine ventilatory threshold (VT) and V O2peak. In a double-blind, randomized crossover design, subjects received either CHO [20% maltodextrin (0.

Supplemental feedings increase self-selected work output during wildfire suppression.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of supplemental feeding strategies on self-selected activity during wildland fire suppression.

Methods: Seventy-six wildland firefighters were studied in three experiments for three fire seasons. During the first two seasons, subjects consumed, in addition to their sack lunch, 1) liquid carbohydrate (CHO) (200 mL.

Effects of high intensity / low volume and low intensity / high volume isokinetic resistance exercise on postexercise glucose tolerance.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of high intensity/ low volume (HILV) and low intensity/high volume (LIHV) isokinetic resistance exercise on postexercise glucose tolerance. Subjects (n = 10) participated in a counterbalanced, randomized design of 2 separate isokinetic resistance exercise trials (HILV and LIHV) of reciprocal concentric knee flexion and knee extension in a fasted state. Each bout was followed by a 45-minute oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 1.

No gender-specific differences in mechanical efficiency during arm or leg exercise relative to ventilatory threshold.

The purpose of this study was to determine economy and mechanical efficiency in men and women during both arm cranking (AC) and leg cycling (LC) at 70%, 85%, 100%, and 115% of mode-specific ventilatory threshold (T(vent)). Recreationally active men (n=9) and women (n=9) with similar values for %VO2peak at T(vent) served as subjects. All subjects performed 5 min of exercise at each intensity of 70%, 85%, 100%, and 115% of T(vent) for both AC and LC.

Substrate oxidation during incremental arm and leg exercise in men and women matched for ventilatory threshold.

The aim of this study was to determine the variations in substrate utilization between men and women matched for ventilatory threshold (Tvent) during incremental arm cranking and leg cycling exercise at 70, 85, 100 and 115% of the mode-specific Tvent. Recreationally active men (n=12) and women (n=10) with similar values for percentage of peak oxygen consumption at Tvent participated in the study. Ventilatory equivalence, excess CO2 and modified V-slope methods were used concurrently to determine Tvent.

Hydration status and water turnover of dogsled drivers during an endurance sled dog event in the arctic.

Objectives: To determine changes in common urinary markers of hydration maintained by the drivers (mushers) during a wilderness endurance event in the arctic and to determine water turnover in this select group of individuals.

Study Design: During this descriptive study, data was systematically collected on hydration, water turnover, changes in resting and exercise heart rate, fatigue and rating of perceived exertion during an arduous dogsled race in the arctic.

Methods: Sixteen mushers were recruited for the study, 13 of whom completed the entire race.

The addition of fenugreek extract (Trigonella foenum-graecum) to glucose feeding increases muscle glycogen resynthesis after exercise.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ingesting an oral supplement containing 4-Hydroxyisoleucine (4-OH-Ile, isolated from fenugreek seeds [Trigonella foenum-graecum]) with a glucose beverage on rates of post-exercise muscle glycogen resynthesis in trained male cyclists. Following an overnight fast (12 hr), subjects completed a 90-minute glycogen depletion ride after which a muscle biopsy was obtained from the vastus lateralis. Immediately and 2 hours after the muscle biopsy, subjects ingested either an oral dose of dextrose (Glu) (1.

Primary closure of open myelomeningocele.

Object: The purpose of this paper is to describe the technique of closing an open myelomeningocele in the newborn infant.

Methods: The anatomical rationale behind the closure techniques will be specifically reviewed. Avoidance of complications will be discussed.