Is Tumor Growth Influenced by the Bone Remodeling Process?

In this study, we develop a comprehensive model to investigate the intricate relationship between the bone remodeling process, tumor growth, and bone diseases such as multiple myeloma. By analyzing different scenarios within the Basic Multicellular Unit, we uncover the dynamic interplay between remodeling and tumor progression. The model developed developed in the paper are based on the well accepted Komarova's and Ayati's models for the bone remodeling process, then these models were modified to include the effects of the tumor growth.

A bulk-surface mechanobiochemical modelling approach for single cell migration in two-space dimensions.

In this work, we present a mechanobiochemical model for two-dimensional cell migration which couples mechanical properties of the cell cytosol with biochemical processes taking place near or on the cell plasma membrane. The modelling approach is based on a recently developed mathematical formalism of evolving bulk-surface partial differential equations of reaction-diffusion type. We solve these equations using finite element methods within a moving-mesh framework derived from the weak formulation of the evolving bulk-surface PDEs.

Part II: A new perspective for modeling the bone remodeling process: Biology, mechanics, and pathologies.

In this paper, we explore the effects of biological (pathological) and mechanical damage on bone tissue within a benchmark model. Using the Finite Element Methodology, we analyze and numerically test the model's components, capabilities, and performance under physiologically and pathologically relevant conditions. Our findings demonstrate the model's effectiveness in simulating bone remodeling processes and self-repair mechanisms for micro-damage induced by biological internal conditions and mechanical external ones within bone tissue.

Analysis of the airflow features and ventilation efficiency of an Ultra-Clean-Air operating theatre by qDNS simulations and experimental validation.

Ultra-Clean-Air (UCA) operating theatres aim to minimise surgical instrument contamination and wound infection through high flow rates of ultra-clean air, reducing the presence of Microbe Carrying Particles (MCPs). This study investigates the airflow patterns and ventilation characteristics of a UCA operating theatre (OT) under standard ventilation system operating conditions, considering both empty and partially occupied scenarios. Utilising a precise computational model, quasi-Direct Numerical Simulations (qDNS) were conducted to delineate flow velocity profiles, energy spectra, distributions of turbulent kinetic energy, energy dissipation rate, local Kolmogorov scales, and pressure-based coherent structures.

Tumor growth for remodeling process: A 2D approach.

This paper aims to present a comprehensive framework for coupling tumor-bone remodeling processes in a 2-dimensional geometry. This is achieved by introducing a bio-inspired damage that represents the growing tumor, which subsequently affects the main populations involved in the remodeling process, namely, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and bone tissue. The model is constructed using a set of differential equations based on the Komarova's and Ayati's models, modified to incorporate the bio-inspired damage that may result in tumor mass formation.

Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy: Cellular mechanisms, image analysis, and computational models: A review.

The muscle is the principal tissue that is capable to transform potential energy into kinetic energy. This process is due to the transformation of chemical energy into mechanical energy to enhance the movements and all the daily activities. However, muscular tissues can be affected by some pathologies associated with genetic alterations that affect the expression of proteins.

The Role of Mechanical Properties and Structure of Type I Collagen Hydrogels on Colorectal Cancer Cell Migration.

Mechanical interactions between cells and their microenvironment play an important role in determining cell fate, which is particularly relevant in metastasis, a process where cells invade tissue matrices with different mechanical properties. In vitro, type I collagen hydrogels have been commonly used for modeling the microenvironment due to its ubiquity in the human body. In this work, the combined influence of the stiffness of these hydrogels and their ultrastructure on the migration patterns of HCT-116 and HT-29 spheroids are analyzed.

Anatomy, molecular structures, and hyaluronic acid - Gelatin injectable hydrogels as a therapeutic alternative for hyaline cartilage recovery: A review.

Cartilage damage caused by trauma or osteoarthritis is a common joint disease that can increase the social and economic burden in society. Due to its avascular characteristics, the poor migration ability of chondrocytes, and a low number of progenitor cells, the self-healing ability of cartilage defects has been significantly limited. Hydrogels have been developed into one of the most suitable biomaterials for the regeneration of cartilage because of its characteristics such as high-water absorption, biodegradation, porosity, and biocompatibility similar to natural extracellular matrix.

Finite element analysis of the influence of interdigitation pattern and collagen fibers on the mechanical behavior of the midpalatal suture.

The midpalatal suture (MPS) corresponds to the tissue that joins the two maxillary bones. Understanding the mechanical behavior of this tissue is of particular interest to those patients who require orthodontic treatments such as Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME). The objective of this research was to observe the influence of interdigitation and collagen fibers on the mechanical response of MPS.

Both network architecture and micro cracks effects on lacuno-canalicular liquid flow efficiency within the context of multiphysics approach for bone remodeling.

When physical forces are applied to bone, its mechanical adaptive behaviors change according to the microarchitecture configuration. This leads to changes in biological and physical thresholds in the remodeling cell population, involving sensor cells (osteocytes) interacting with each other and changes in osteocyte shape due to variation in lacunar shape. The resulting alterations in fluid flow leads to changes in the membrane electrical potential and shear stress.

Influence of growth plate morphology on bone trabecular groups, a framework computational approach.

The morphology of the growth plate undergoes various transformations during each stage of development, affecting its shape, width, density, and other characteristics. This significantly impacts the distribution of stress in the epiphysis of long bones. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first attempt to examine the relationship between growth plate morphology and trabecular bone patterns.

A coupled mathematical model between bone remodeling and tumors: a study of different scenarios using Komarova's model.

This paper aims to construct a general framework of coupling tumor-bone remodeling processes in order to produce plausible outcomes of the effects of tumors on the number of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and the frequency of the bone turnover cycle. In this document, Komarova's model has been extended to include the effect of tumors on the bone remodeling processes. Thus, we explored three alternatives for coupling tumor presence into Komarova's model: first, using a "damage" parameter that depends on the tumor cell concentration.

Computational model of articular cartilage regeneration induced by scaffold implantation in vivo.

Computational models allow to explain phenomena that cannot be observed through an animal model, such as the strain and stress states which can highly influence regeneration of the tissue. For this purpose, we have developed a simulation tool to determine the mechanical conditions provided by the polymeric scaffold. The computational model considered the articular cartilage, the subchondral bone, and the scaffold.

Multi-scale mechanobiological model for skeletal muscle hypertrophy.

Skeletal muscle adaptation is correlated to training exercise by triggering different signaling pathways that target many functions; in particular, the IGF1-AKT pathway controls protein synthesis and degradation. These two functions regulate the adaptation in size and strength of muscles. Computational models for muscle adaptation have focused on: the biochemical description of signaling pathways or the mechanical description of muscle function at organ scale; however, an interrelation between these two models should be considered to understand how an adaptation in muscle size affects the protein synthesis rate.

Simulation of the electrical stimulation of the rat brain using sleep frequencies: A finite element modeling approach.

A realistic rat brain model was used to simulate current density and electric field distributions under frequencies characteristic of sleeping states (0.8, 5, and 12 Hz). Two anode-electrode setups were simulated: plate vs.

The Effect of Pore Directionality of Collagen Scaffolds on Cell Differentiation and In Vivo Osteogenesis.

Although many bone substitutes have been designed and produced, the development of bone tissue engineering products that mimic the microstructural characteristics of native bone remains challenging. It has been shown that pore orientation within collagen scaffolds influences bone matrix formation by the endochondral route. In addition, that the unidirectional orientation of the scaffolds can limit the growth of blood vessels.

Electric and Magnetic Field Devices for Stimulation of Biological Tissues.

Electric fields (EFs) and magnetic fields (MFs) have been widely used by tissue engineering to improve cell dynamics such as proliferation, migration, differentiation, morphology, and molecular synthesis. However, variables such stimuli strength and stimulation times need to be considered when stimulating either cells, tissues or scaffolds. Given that EFs and MFs vary according to cellular response, it remains unclear how to build devices that generate adequate biophysical stimuli to stimulate biological samples.

Stress and strain propagation on infant skull from impact loads during falls: a finite element analysis.

: To simulate infant skull trauma after low height falls when variable degrees of ossification of the sutures are present. : A finite elements model of a four-week-old infant skull was developed for simulating low height impact from 30 cm and 50 cm falls. Two impacts were simulated: An occipito-parietal impact on the lambdoid suture and a lateral impact on the right parietal and six cases were considered: unossified and fully ossified sutures, and sagittal, metopic, right lambdoid and right coronal craniosynostosis.

Biomechanical behavior of an alveolar graft under maxillary therapies.

Cleft lip and palate is a congenital defect that affects the oral cavity. Depending on its severity, alveolar graft surgery and maxillary orthopedic therapies must be carried out as a part of the treatment. It is widely accepted that the therapies should be performed before grafting.

Simulation of pandemics in real cities: enhanced and accurate digital laboratories.

This study develops a modelling framework for simulating the spread of infectious diseases within real cities. Digital copies of Birmingham (UK) and Bogotá (Colombia) are generated, reproducing their urban environment, infrastructure and population. The digital inhabitants have the same statistical features of the real population.

A dynamical system for the IGF1-AKT signaling pathway in skeletal muscle adaptation.

Physical activity produces a change in skeletal-muscle size by activating synthesis or degradation of protein, which are outcomes of stimulating the IGF1-AKT signaling pathway. In this work, we propose a mathematical model that predicts the variation in muscle size under different activity conditions. The IGF1-AKT pathway was modeled using its 4 main molecules as variables in a dynamical system.