Expression and distribution of rAAV9 intrathecally administered in juvenile to adolescent mice.

Intrathecal (IT) lumbar puncture delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (rAAV9) is a gene therapy approach being explored in preclinical studies and ongoing gene therapy clinical trials for neurological diseases. Few studies address IT rAAV9 vector distribution, tropism, and expression with respect to age of administration. Therefore, we IT delivered a rAAV9/GFP vector in mice at ages ranging from early postnatal development through adulthood (P10-P90).

CSF-venous fistulas associated with traumatic spinal pseudomeningoceles.

CSF-venous fistulas (CVFs) are a common cause of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. These fistulas usually occur without any preceding major trauma, surgery, or other iatrogenic cause. Occasionally, patients have a history of minor trauma, though such cases are usually still considered spontaneous.

Safety and feasibility of pulmonary vein isolation utilizing pulsed field ablation in patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation and implanted Watchman devices.

Background: Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a novel method of non-thermal cardiac ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). Its use on patients with pre-existing Watchman devices has not been studied.

Methods: Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) utilizing PFA was performed in 7 patients with symptomatic AF and implanted Watchman devices.

Clinical and imaging outcomes of 100 patients with cerebrospinal fluid-venous fistulas treated by transvenous embolization.

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid-venous fistulas (CSFVF) are a common cause of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). Transvenous embolization has emerged as a reliable treatment option. We review the clinical presentation, imaging, and clinical outcomes of 100 consecutive CSFVF patients who underwent embolization over 2 years.

Functional neurological seizures and migraine: A systematic review and case series.

Background: The seizure subtype of functional neurological disorder (FND-seizures) is a common neuropsychiatric condition manifesting with episodic epilepsy-like events. Despite the common belief that FND-seizures are precipitated by psychological stressors, neurological disorders may also be triggers. In 1890, Babinski described four cases of FND symptoms associated with migraine attacks.

SMRT Sequencing Enables High-Throughput Identification of Novel AAVs from Capsid Shuffling and Directed Evolution.

The use of AAV capsid libraries coupled with various selection strategies has proven to be a remarkable approach for generating novel AAVs with enhanced and desired features. The inability to reliably sequence the complete capsid gene in a high-throughput manner has been the bottleneck of capsid engineering. As a result, many library strategies are confined to localized and modest alterations in the capsid, such as peptide insertions or single variable region (VR) alterations.

Clinical and Imaging Outcomes of Surgically Repaired Cerebrospinal Fluid-Venous Fistulas Identified by Lateral Decubitus Digital Subtraction Myelography.

Objective: To describe clinical and radiographic outcomes of surgical repair of cerebrospinal fluid-venous fistula (CVF), an increasingly recognized cause of spontaneous intracranial hypotension that is poorly responsive to epidural blood patch (EBP).

Methods: Retrospective review identified adult patients who had lateral decubitus digital subtraction myelography indicative of cerebrospinal fluid leak at Mayo Clinic between November 2018 and February 2020, with clearly localized CVF, followed by surgical treatment. Patients without available imaging before or after surgery were excluded.

The clue is in the kidneys: greater renal contrast medium accumulation on ipsilateral side down CT myelogram after lateral decubitus digital subtraction myelogram as a predictor of laterality of cerebrospinal fluid leak.

Aim: To assess the potential correlation of the laterality of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-venous fistula with the laterality of decubitus computed tomography (CT) myelogram (post decubitus digital subtraction myelogram) based on which side demonstrated more renal contrast medium excretion.

Materials And Methods: Patients with CSF-venous fistulas diagnosed at lateral decubitus digital subtraction myelograms were reviewed retrospectively. Patients who did not have CT myelogram following one or both left and right lateral decubitus digital subtraction myelograms were excluded.

Narrative review of migraine management in patients with renal or hepatic disease.

Objectives/background: Treatment of migraine in the setting of either renal or hepatic disease can be daunting for clinicians. Not only does the method of metabolism have to be considered, but also the method of elimination/excretion of the parent drug and any active or toxic metabolites. Furthermore, it is difficult to think about liver or kidney disease in isolation, as liver disease can sometimes contribute to impaired renal function and renal disease can sometimes impair hepatic metabolism, through the cytochrome P450 system.

Neutron time-of-flight detectors (nTOF) used at Sandia's Z-Machine.

Neutron time-of-flight (nTOF) detectors have been used on Sandia National Laboratories' Z-Machine for inertial confinement fusion and magnetized liner fusion experiments to infer physics parameters including the apparent fuel-ion temperature, neutron yield, the magnetic-radius product (BR), and the liner rho-r. Single-paddle, dual-paddle, and co-axial scintillation nTOF detectors are used in axial lines-of-sight (LOS) and LOS that are 12° from the midplane. Detector fabrication, characterization, and calibration are discussed.

Aging compromises oligodendrocyte precursor cell maturation and efficient remyelination in the monkey brain.

Age-associated cognitive decline is common among otherwise healthy elderly people, even in the absence of Alzheimer's disease and neuron loss. Instead, white matter loss and myelin damage are strongly associated with cognitive decline. Myelin is subject to lifelong oxidative stress that damages the myelin sheath, which is repaired by cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage.

Clinical and imaging outcomes of cerebrospinal fluid-venous fistula embolization.

Background: We report outcomes of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) patients who underwent transvenous embolization of cerebrospinal fluid-venous fistulas (CSFVFs) confirmed on digital subtraction myelography (DSM) performed at our institution.

Methods: This is a retrospective evaluation of a prospectively collected database of SIH patients who underwent transvenous embolization of CSFVFs. Only patients who had fistulas confirmed on DSM performed at our institution were included.

Prevalence of cerebral vein thrombosis among patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension.

Background And Purpose: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare condition but an important complication of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). We reviewed our experience of patients with SIH and assessed for the presence of CVST.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records and imaging studies from our tertiary referral institution, assessing patients with clinically suspected SIH as well as imaging findings of intracranial hypotension.

Genetic variants related to successful migraine prophylaxis with verapamil.

Background: Currently, there is no biologically based rationale for drug selection in migraine prophylactic treatment.

Methods: To investigate the genetic variation underlying treatment response to verapamil prophylaxis, we selected 225 patients from a longitudinally established, deeply phenotyped migraine database (N = 5983), and collected uninterrupted quantitated verapamil treatment response data and DNA for these 225 cases. We recorded the number of headache days in the four weeks preceding treatment with verapamil and for four weeks, following completion of a treatment period with verapamil lasting at least five weeks.

Two hundred and forty-eight cases of visual snow: A review of potential inciting events and contributing comorbidities.

Objective: To review characteristics and outcomes of all cases of visual snow seen at our institution, with attention to possible triggering events or comorbidities.

Methods: This is a retrospective case series of patients seen at our tertiary care center from January 1994 to January 2020. Charts were reviewed if they contained the term "visual snow".

A Novel Endovascular Therapy for CSF Hypotension Secondary to CSF-Venous Fistulas.

We report a consecutive case series of patients who underwent transvenous embolization of the paraspinal vein, which was draining the CSF-venous fistula, for treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. These are the first-ever reported cases of this treatment for CSF-venous fistulas. All patients underwent spinal venography following catheterization of the azygous vein and then selective catheterization of the paraspinal vein followed by embolization of the vein with Onyx.

COVID-19 and Headache Medicine: A Narrative Review of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) and Corticosteroid Use.

Objective: To summarize the current literature on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and corticosteroid use during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, recognizing that these are commonly used treatments in the field of headache medicine.

Background: The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids in patients during the COVID-19 pandemic has been a controversial topic within the medical community and international and national health organizations. Lay press and social media outlets have circulated opinions on this topic despite the fact that the evidence for or against the use of these medications is sparse.

Great Auricular Neuralgia: Case Series.

Background/objective: The great auricular nerve (GAN) arises from C2-C3 and provides innervation over the skin in the pre-auricular region, jaw angle, posteroinferior pinna, and mastoid. Although damage to the GAN has been reported following trauma or procedures nearby this nerve course, neuralgia of this nerve is uncommon with knowledge based on a handful of case reports in literature. The objective of this study is to describe the presentation, treatment, and outcome of 13 cases of GAN neuralgia.

Headache due to spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid leak secondary to cerebrospinal fluid-venous fistula: Case series.

Objective: Cerebrospinal fluid-venous fistula is an uncommon cause of spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid leak (SSCSFL). We aim to describe the clinical presentation, imaging evaluation, treatment and outcome of SSCSFL secondary to cerebrospinal fluid-venous fistula.

Methods: A retrospective review was undertaken of SSCSFL cases secondary to cerebrospinal fluid-venous fistula confirmed radiologically or intraoperatively, seen at our institution from January 1994 to March 2019.