The Effect of Multi-Session Prefrontal Cortical Stimulation on Aggression: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Trial.

Findings from brain imaging studies investigating the neural underpinnings of antisocial behavior have implicated the prefrontal cortex in the regulation of aggressive reactions. However, relatively few studies have examined the role of the prefrontal cortex on aggression in an experimental way. This study examines whether upregulating the prefrontal cortex using repeated transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) reduces aggressive behavior.

Genicular nerve block for emergency department patient: a successful management of subacute osteoarthritic knee pain.

The genicular nerve block (GNB) performed under ultrasound is a common procedure in the perioperative and outpatient setting for the treatment of surgical knee pain and osteoarthritis. It provides motor-sparing analgesia to the knee, making it a potential alternative to other modes of pain management in the emergency department (ED). We present an elderly woman with acute-on-chronic osteoarthritic knee pain which was relieved for a week after a GNB during her ED visit.

Material characterization and simulation for soft gels subjected to impulsive loading.

For impact and blast experiments of traumatic brain injury (TBI), soft gel materials are used as surrogates to imitate the mechanical responses of brain tissue. To properly model a viscoelastic gel brain in a surrogate head using a finite element (FE) model, material parameters such as the shear moduli and relaxation time at high strain rates are required. However, such information is scarce in the literature and its applicability for a range of dynamic conditions is unclear.

Rectal MRI radiomics for predicting pathological complete response: Where we are.

Radiomics using rectal MRI radiomics has emerged as a promising approach in predicting pathological complete response. In this study, we present a typical pipeline of a radiomics analysis and review recent studies, exploring applications, development of radiomics methodologies and model construction in pCR prediction. Finally, we will offer our opinion about the future and discuss the next steps of rectal MRI radiomics for predicting pCR.

Roles for L microdomains and ESCRT in ER stress-induced lipid droplet microautophagy in budding yeast.

Microlipophagy (µLP), degradation of lipid droplets (LDs) by microautophagy, occurs by autophagosome-independent direct uptake of LDs at lysosomes/vacuoles in response to nutrient limitations and ER stressors in . In nutrient-limited yeast, liquid-ordered (L) microdomains, sterol-rich raftlike regions in vacuolar membranes, are sites of membrane invagination during LD uptake. The endosome sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) is required for sterol transport during L formation under these conditions.

A Methodology to Compare Biomechanical Simulations With Clinical Brain Imaging Analysis Utilizing Two Blunt Impact Cases.

According to the US Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center (DVBIC) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common form of head injury. Medical imaging data provides clinical insight into tissue damage/injury and injury severity, and helps medical diagnosis. Computational modeling and simulation can predict the biomechanical characteristics of such injury, and are useful for development of protective equipment.

Optimizing Helmet Pad Placement Using Computational Predicted Injury Pattern to Reduce Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Introduction: This effort, motivated and guided by prior simulated injury results of the unprotected head, is to assess and compare helmet pad configurations on the head for the effective mitigation of blast pressure transmission in the brain in multiple blast exposure environments.

Materials And Methods: A finite element model of blast loading on the head with six different helmet pad configurations was used to generate brain model biomechanical responses. The blast pressure attenuation performance of each pad configuration was evaluated by using the calculated pressure exposure fraction in the brain model.

Membrane dynamics and protein targets of lipid droplet microautophagy during ER stress-induced proteostasis in the budding yeast, .

Our previous studies reveal a mechanism for lipid droplet (LD)-mediated proteostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) whereby unfolded proteins that accumulate in the ER in response to lipid imbalance-induced ER stress are removed by LDs and degraded by microlipophagy (µLP), autophagosome-independent LD uptake into the vacuole (the yeast lysosome). Here, we show that dithiothreitol- or tunicamycin-induced ER stress also induces µLP and identify an unexpected role for vacuolar membrane dynamics in this process. All stressors studied induce vacuolar fragmentation prior to µLP.

Feasibility of Mynxgrip®-Assisted Percutaneous Transhepatic Portal Venous Access Closure.

Purpose: Life-threatening bleeding may occur following percutaneous portal venous access procedures. Various embolic agents have been utilised to minimise this risk, each with their own disadvantages, including inadvertent embolization of the portal vein and inadequate tract embolization. We aim to assess the feasibility of a novel approach to percutaneous portal venous access closure by utilising the MYNXGRIP® vascular closure device (Cardinal Health, USA).

Simulation of Cumulative Exposure Statistics for Blast Pressure Transmission Into the Brain.

Introduction: This study develops and demonstrates an analysis approach to understand the statistics of cumulative pressure exposure of the brain to repetitive blasts events.

Materials And Methods: A finite element model of blast loading on the head was used for brain model biomechanical responses. The cumulative pressure exposure fraction (CPEF), ranging from 0.

On the Development of Interspecies Traumatic Brain Injury Correspondence Rules.

Traumatic brain injury analysis in human is exceedingly difficult due to the methods in which data can be collected, thus many researchers commonly implement animal surrogates. However, use of these surrogates is costly and restricted by ethical concerns and test logistics. Computational models and simulations do not have these constraints and can produce significant amounts of data in relatively short periods.

Biomechanics of Blast TBI With Time-Resolved Consecutive Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Loads.

Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) has become a signature casualty of recent military operations. In spite of significant clinical and preclinical TBI research, current understanding of injury mechanisms and short- and long-term outcomes is limited. Mathematical models of bTBI biomechanics may help in better understanding of injury mechanisms and in the development of improved neuroprotective strategies.

Towards Identification of Correspondence Rules to Relate Traumatic Brain Injury in Different Species.

Traumatic brain injury analysis in humans is exceedingly difficult due to the intrusive methods by which data can be collected; thus, many researchers commonly implement animal surrogates. However, ethical concerns and cost limit the scope of these tests on animal subjects too. Computational models, which provide an alternative method to data collection, are not constrained by these concerns and are able to generate significant amounts of data in relatively short time.

Effect of human head morphological variability on the mechanical response of blast overpressure loading.

A methodology is introduced to investigate the effect of intersubject head morphological variability on the mechanical response of the brain when subjected to blast overpressure loading. Nonrigid image registration techniques are leveraged to warp a manually segmented template model to an arbitrary number of subjects following a procedure to coarsely segment the subjects in batch. Finite element meshes are autogenerated, and blast analysis is conducted.

Biofilm and Infectious Agents Present at the Time of Penile Prosthesis Revision Surgery: Times Are a Changing.

Introduction: Although infection rates have decreased with the use of antibiotic-coated implants and other enhancements, the risk of infection is still considered a serious concern in penile implant revision surgeries.

Aim: To review the literature for advances made in inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) revision surgery and organisms found at the time of revision, the significance of biofilm in prosthetic infection, and the bacteriology of infection.

Methods: PubMed was reviewed for articles spanning the past three decades that discussed micro-organisms and biofilm in relation to penile implant revision surgery.

Causes of hepatic capsular retraction: a pictorial essay.

Unlabelled: Hepatic capsular retraction refers to the loss of the normal convex hepatic contour, with the formation of an area of flattening or concavity. This can result from myriad causes, including intrinsic hepatic conditions such as cirrhosis, biliary obstruction, benign tumours, malignancy and infections, as well as extrahepatic causes such as trauma. This article aims to provide familiarity with this wide spectrum of conditions, including mimics of hepatic capsular retraction, by highlighting the anatomic, pathologic and imaging features that help distinguish these entities from one another.

Adrenal congestion preceding adrenal hemorrhage on CT imaging: a case series.

Introduction: Adrenal hemorrhage is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening condition, particularly in cases of bilateral adrenal hemorrhage causing primary adrenal insufficiency. It is difficult to diagnose clinically, particularly in critically ill patients, given its non-specific symptoms and signs, which include abdominal pain, vomiting, fever, weakness, hypotension, and altered conscious state. Non-traumatic adrenal hemorrhage has been observed to occur in times of physiological stress, such as post-surgery, sepsis, burns, and hypotension.

Are we fearful of tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy? Assessing the need for tube drainage following percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Objective: The objective was to demonstrate that percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) can be safely performed with a tubeless or totally tubeless drainage technique.

Introduction: Standard PCNL includes nephrostomy tube placement designed to drain the kidney and operative tract at the conclusion of the procedure. Modern technique trend is tubeless PCNL and totally tubeless PCNL, which are performed without standard nephrostomy drainage.

Intraocular pressure lowering is associated with an increase in the photopic negative response (PhNR) amplitude in glaucoma and ocular hypertensive eyes.

Purpose: The aim of our study was to determine whether IOP lowering in glaucomatous and ocular hypertensive (OHT) eyes leads to an improvement in the full-field photopic negative response (PhNR) of the electroretinogram.

Methods: A prospective nonrandomized interventional cohort study was conducted. Patients with OHT or glaucomatous optic neuropathy were recruited, and photopic full-field electroretinograms (ERG) were performed at baseline and then repeated 1 to 2 months later.