Clinician/Patient-Reported Outcomes and Their Association After Root Canal Treatment.

Introduction: The relationship between clinician-reported outcome measures (CROM) and patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) after root canal treatment is poorly understood. Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) is a crucial PROM. Determination of the minimal important difference (MID) is critical for determining patients' perspective of treatment effectiveness, but the MID required to perceive any meaningful change in the OHRQOL after root canal treatment remains unclear.

Management of post-radiation carotid blowout syndrome in patients with head and neck cancer: A systematic review.

Background And Purpose: Carotid blowout syndrome (CBS) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication that can occur in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), especially with a history of radiotherapy. This study aimed to review and initially compare managements for post-radiation CBS in patients with HNC.

Materials And Methods: A systematic review of published studies was performed.

Effect of Novel and Traditional Intracanal Medicaments on Biofilm Viability and Composition.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that a combination of D-amino acids (DAAs) and trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) demonstrates superior antibiofilm activity to calcium hydroxide (CH) and untreated controls.

Methods: In this 3-part in vitro study, the concentration of DAAs (D-methionine, D-leucine, D-tyrosine, and D-tryptophan) that would significantly decrease Enterococcus faecalis and Actinomyces naeslundii biofilm biomass was first determined. Then, the effect of TC + selected DAAs on polymicrobial biofilms was characterized by quantifying the biomass and biofilm viability.

Penetration of Calcium Silicate and Epoxy Resin Sealers Into the Lateral Canals.

Objectives: The aim of this research was to compare the penetration ability of calcium silicate-based sealers (iRoot SP and TotalFill BC HiFlow) and an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus) into the lateral canals using the single-cone (SC) or continuous wave compaction (CW) obturation techniques.

Methods: Ninety single-rooted human teeth received canal instrumentation and diaphanisation before artificial lateral canals were created at 3 different root levels. The specimens were randomly allocated into 6 groups based on the combination of obturation technique and sealer used.

Reliability and reproducibility of CBCT assessment of mandibular changes before and after treatment for Class III growing patients - an easy and quick way for evaluation.

The objective of this study was to evaluate intraobserver reliability and inter-observer reproducibility of a 3-dimensional (3D) assessment method for mandibular changes of growing patients after orthodontic treatment for Class III malocclusion.Methods Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were performed before and after orthodontic treatment for 27 patients. During the scan, the patient was positioned such that his/her mandibular plane was parallel to floor.

Tissue Stabilization, Bacterial Adhesion, and Stem Cell Viability in Trans-cinnamaldehyde-conditioned Dentin.

Introduction: This laboratory study aimed to evaluate the effect of trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) conditioning on dentin tissue stabilization, bacterial adhesion, and stem cell toxicity.

Methods: Dentin beams (n = 204) from extracted human molars were demineralized in phosphoric acid and treated with TC (2.5, 5, and 7.

Intracellular bacterial eradication using a novel peptide in vitro.

Aim: To determine the effect of a novel antimicrobial peptide (AMP; OP145) and cell-penetrating peptide (Octa-arginine/R8) conjugate on the killing of intracellular Enterococcus faecalis, compared to OP145 and an antibiotic combination recommended for regenerative endodontic procedures.

Methodology: The biocompatible concentrations of OP145 and OP145-R8 were determined by assessing their cytotoxicity against human macrophages and red blood cells. Spatiotemporal internalization of the peptides into macrophages was investigated qualitatively and quantitatively by confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry respectively.

Long-term follow-up of single-visit pulp revascularisation for the dens evaginatus and dens invaginatus: Cases report.

This article documents cases of single-visit pulp revascularisation for dens evaginatus and dens invaginatus, without using intracranial medicaments or antibiotics, aiming to provide a potentially applicable protocol for pulp revascularisation procedure in a single-visit. Two patients with chief complaints of pain and swelling visited a dental hospital. Radiographs revealed that the causative teeth had an open apex and periapical radiolucency, and the teeth were diagnosed as pulp necrosis and acute apical abscess or symptomatic apical periodontitis.

Effect of MMP Inhibitors on the Bond Strength of Fibre Posts After Ageing.

Aim: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors on the bond strength of resin-cemented fibre posts to radicular dentin under an aged-loaded condition.

Materials And Methods: Radicular dentin was prepared and irrigated by MMP inhibitor solution after root canal obturation in 60 extracted single-rooted teeth based on 6 groups: (1) 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) + loaded; (2) CHX + unloaded; (3) 0.5% benzalkonium chloride (BAC) + loaded; (4) BAC + unloaded; (5) 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) + loaded; and (6) EDTA + unloaded.

Shields in Dual-Species Biofilm in Oxic Condition.

Aim: To develop a reproducible biofilm model consisting of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and to evaluate the interaction between the two bacterial species.

A simple AI-enabled method for quantifying bacterial adhesion on dental materials.

Measurement of bacterial adhesion has been of great interest for different dental materials. Various methods have been used for bacterial counting; however, they are all indirect measurements with estimated results and therefore cannot truly reflect the adhesion status. This study provides a new direct measurement approach by using a simple artificial intelligence (AI) method to quantify the initial bacterial adhesion on different dental materials using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images.

PROMs Following Root Canal Treatment and Surgical Endodontic Treatment.

The FDI is currently working on developing a tool to encompass patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) within the overall assessment of outcomes of endodontic treatment. The outcome of endodontic treatment has traditionally been determined by various clinical and radiographic criteria. However, these parameters do not address the impact of treatment on a patient's oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL).

Clinical efficacy of activated irrigation in endodontics: a focused review.

Root canal debridement, which includes the removal of infected tissues and microbial biofilms, is considered the corner stone of root canal treatment. Chemical adjuncts play a multitude of functions in this regard, as tissue solvents, antimicrobial agents and for removing the smear layer. These adjuncts (irrigants) are usually delivered using a syringe and needle.

A nanostructured anti-biofilm surface widens the efficacy against spindle-shaped and chain-forming rod-like bacteria.

Current control of pathogenic bacteria at all biomaterial interfaces is poorly attuned to a broad range of disease-causing pathogens. Leading antimicrobial surface functionalization strategies with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), defensins, have not shown their promised efficacy. One of the main problems is the lack of stability and swift clearance from the surface.

Comparison of In Vitro Torque Generation during Instrumentation with Adaptive Versus Continuous Movement.

Introduction: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the torque generated by continuous and adaptive movements of 2 nickel-titanium rotary file systems.

Methods: Forty-five simulated resin blocks with an S-shaped canal were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 15) according to the file system and kinematics: the K3XF rotary system (Kerr Endodontics, Orange, CA) with continuous rotary movement, the K3XF with adaptive movement, and the Twisted File (Kerr Endodontics) adaptive file with adaptive movement. After creating a glide path, the canal was instrumented to the same size (.

Effect of instrumentation systems on endotoxin reduction from root canal systems: A systematic review of clinical studies and meta-analysis.

This systematic review assessed the effect of different root canal instrumentation systems on endotoxin reduction from the root canal system. The literature search was conducted in two electronic databases (PubMed and Scopus) using specific key words. The search strategy followed the PRISMA guidelines.

Lipoteichoic acid of Enterococcus faecalis inhibits osteoclastogenesis via transcription factor RBP-J.

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of Enterococcus faecalis is a potent stimulator of inflammatory responses, but the effects of E. faecalis LTA on osteoclastogenesis remains far from well understood. This study showed that E.

Does the Orifice-directed Dentin Conservation Access Design Debride Pulp Chamber and Mesial Root Canal Systems of Mandibular Molars Similar to a Traditional Access Design?

Introduction: Despite the increasing reports on mechanical aspects of contracted endodontic access cavities (CECs), we believe that the biological aspects (debridement) have not been adequately investigated. This study examined if 1 type of CEC (orifice-directed dentin conservation [DDC] access) was able to debride the pulp chamber, root canals, and isthmus of mesial roots of mandibular molars similar to a traditional endodontic access cavity (TEC).

Methods: Mandibular molars (N = 32) were selected and divided randomly into 2 experimental groups (n = 12) after micro-computed tomographic scanning (group 1: TEC and group 2: DDC) and histologic controls (n = 8).

Effect of the Glide Path Establishment on the Torque Generation to the Files during Instrumentation: An In Vitro Measurement.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare in vitro torque generation during instrumentation with or without glide path establishment.

Methods: Endo-training resin blocks with J-shaped canals were randomly divided into 2 groups according to glide path establishment (with or without) and subdivided into 2 subgroups with shaping instruments (WaveOne [Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland] or WaveOne Gold [Dentsply Maillefer]) (n = 15). For the glide path-established group, the glide path was prepared using ProGlider (Dentsply Maillefer).

Biofilms in Endodontics-Current Status and Future Directions.

Microbiota are found in highly organized and complex entities, known as biofilms, the characteristics of which are fundamentally different from microbes in planktonic suspensions. Root canal infections are biofilm mediated. The complexity and variability of the root canal system, together with the multi-species nature of biofilms, make disinfection of this system extremely challenging.

Preference of undergraduate students after first experience on nickel-titanium endodontic instruments.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare two nickel-titanium systems (rotary vs. reciprocating) for their acceptance by undergraduate students who experienced nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments for the first time.

Materials And Methods: Eighty-one sophomore dental students were first taught on manual root canal preparation with stainless-steel files.

A micro-computed tomography study of the negotiation and anatomical feature in apical root canal of mandibular molars.

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical negotiation of various apical anatomic features of the mandibular first molars in a Chinese population using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). A total of 152 mandibular first molars were scanned with micro-CT at 30 µm resolution. The apical 5 mm of root canal (ARC) was reconstructed three dimensionally and classified.

Effects of Recombinant Overexpression of Bcl2 on the Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Osteogenic/Odontogenic Differentiation Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells.

Introduction: The therapeutic usefulness of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) is severely limited by low survivability upon transplantation in situ because of the presence of various proapoptotic factors within damaged/diseased tissues (ie, hypoxia and inflammation). One strategy to enhance the survivability of grafted DPSCs could be recombinant overexpression of antiapoptotic genes, such as the B-cell lymphoma 2 gene (Bcl2).

Methods: DPSCs were transfected with the Bcl2 and/or GFP gene.

Quality of root canal fillings using three gutta-percha obturation techniques.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to compare the density of gutta-percha root fillings obturated with the following techniques: cold lateral (CL) compaction, ultrasonic lateral (UL) compaction, and warm vertical (WV) compaction.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-three extracted mandibular first molars, with two separate mesial canals in each, were selected. After instrumentation, the canals were stratified into three groups based on canal length and curvature, and underwent obturation with one of the techniques.

Lipoteichoic acid from an clinical strain promotes TNF-α expression through the NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in differentiated THP-1 macrophages.

To study the immune-inflammatory response and signaling mechanism of macrophages to purified () lipoteichoic acid (LTA), intact LTA was obtained from an clinical strain P25RC using the butanol method and hydrophobic interaction chromatography purification. The fractions containing LTA were determined using phosphate detection. Contaminations with lipopolysaccharide and proteins were excluded using the Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively.