Global status of chiropractic education research and scholarly publications: a scoping review.

Objective: This scoping review aimed to map the volume (number of studies) and nature (topics and designs) of chiropractic education research and scholarly publications on chiropractic learners and programs worldwide.

Introduction: Despite the expansion of the chiropractic profession and its recognition by entities such as the World Health Organization, a gap exists in comprehending the international landscape of chiropractic education. No prior studies have systematically mapped the volume and nature of chiropractic education research and scholarly publications.

Protein Biomarker Quantification by Immunoaffinity Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Current State and Future Vision.

Immunoaffinity-mass spectrometry (IA-MS) is an emerging analytical genre with several advantages for profiling and determination of protein biomarkers. Because IA-MS combines affinity capture, analogous to ligand binding assays (LBAs), with mass spectrometry (MS) detection, this platform is often described using the term hybrid methods. The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the principles of IA-MS and to demonstrate, through application, the unique power and potential of this technology.

Large-scale implementation of sequential protein and peptide immunoaffinity enrichment LC/nanoLC-MS/MS for human β-nerve growth factor.

Background: A previously described immunoaffinity (IA)-LC-MS/MS assay for human β-nerve growth factor (β-NGF) was implemented to support large-scale sample testing for multiple clinical trials. Methodology & results: The procedure was modified to increase throughput by simultaneous preparation of two 96-well plates and LC duty-cycle reduction. Robustness of the LC method and nano-ESI was ensured during large-scale assay execution by closely monitoring and, if needed, replacing system components prior to failure.

2014 White Paper on recent issues in bioanalysis: a full immersion in bioanalysis (Part 3 - LBA and immunogenicity).

The 2014 8th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (8th WRIB), a 5-day full immersion in the evolving field of bioanalysis, took place in Universal City, California, USA. Close to 500 professionals from pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies, contract research organizations and regulatory agencies worldwide convened to share, review, discuss and agree on approaches to address current issues of interest in bioanalysis. The topics covered included both small and large molecules, and involved LCMS, hybrid LBA/LCMS, LBA approaches and immunogenicity.

2014 White Paper on recent issues in bioanalysis: a full immersion in bioanalysis (Part 2 - hybrid LBA/LCMS, ELN & regulatory agencies' input).

The 2014 8th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (8th WRIB), a 5-day full immersion in the evolving field of bioanalysis, took place in Universal City, California, USA. Close to 500 professionals from pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies, contract research organizations and regulatory agencies worldwide convened to share, review, discuss and agree on approaches to address current issues of interest in bioanalysis. The topics covered included both small and large molecules, and involved LCMS, hybrid LBA/LCMS, LBA approaches and immunogenicity.

2014 White Paper on recent issues in bioanalysis: a full immersion in bioanalysis (Part 1--small molecules by LCMS).

The 2014 8th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (8th WRIB), a 5-day full immersion in the evolving field of bioanalysis, took place in Universal City, California, USA. Close to 500 professionals from pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies, contract research organizations and regulatory agencies worldwide convened to share, review, discuss and agree on approaches to address current issues of interest in bioanalysis. The topics covered included both small and large molecules, and involved LCMS, hybrid LBA/LCMS, LBA approaches and immunogenicity.

8th GCC: consolidated feedback to US FDA on the 2013 draft FDA guidance on bioanalytical method validation.

The 8th GCC Closed Forum for Bioanalysis was held in Baltimore, MD, USA on 5 December 2013, immediately following the 2013 AAPS Workshop (Crystal City V): Quantitative Bioanalytical Methods Validation and Implementation--The 2013 Revised FDA Guidance. This GCC meeting was organized to discuss the contents of the draft revised FDA Guidance on bioanalytical method validation that was published in September 2013 and consolidate the feedback of the GCC members. In attendance were 63 senior-level participants, from seven countries, representing 46 bioanalytical CRO companies/sites.

Recommendations for validation of LC-MS/MS bioanalytical methods for protein biotherapeutics.

This paper represents the consensus views of a cross-section of companies and organizations from the USA and Canada regarding the validation and application of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods for bioanalysis of protein biotherapeutics in regulated studies. It was prepared under the auspices of the AAPS Bioanalytical Focus Group's Protein LC-MS Bioanalysis Subteam and is intended to serve as a guide to drive harmonization of best practices within the bioanalytical community and provide regulators with an overview of current industry thinking on applying LC-MS/MS technology for protein bioanalysis. For simplicity, the scope was limited to the most common current approach in which the protein is indirectly quantified using LC-MS/MS measurement of one or more of its surrogate peptide(s) produced by proteolytic digestion.

2013 White Paper on recent issues in bioanalysis: 'hybrid'--the best of LBA and LCMS.

The 2013 7th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis was held in Long Beach, California, USA, where close to 500 professionals from pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies, CROs and regulatory agencies convened to discuss current topics of interest in bioanalysis. These 'hot' topics, which covered both small and large molecules, were the starting point for fruitful exchanges of knowledge, and sharing of ideas among speakers, panelists and attendees. The discussions led to specific recommendations pertinent to bioanalytical science.

Paraplegia in a chiropractic patient secondary to atraumatic dural arteriovenous fistula with perimedullary hypertension: case report.

Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas are abnormal communications between higher-pressure arterial circulation and lower-pressure venous circulation. This abnormal communication can result in important and frequently misdiagnosed neurological abnormalities.A case of rapid onset paraplegia following cervical chiropractic manipulation is reviewed.

Surrogate matrix and surrogate analyte approaches for definitive quantitation of endogenous biomolecules.

Background: Quantitation of biomarkers by LC-MS/MS is complicated by the presence of endogenous analytes. This challenge is most commonly overcome by calibration using an authentic standard spiked into a surrogate matrix devoid of the target analyte. A second approach involves use of a stable-isotope-labeled standard as a surrogate analyte to allow calibration in the actual biological matrix.

Quantification of gemcitabine incorporation into human DNA by LC/MS/MS as a surrogate measure for target engagement.

In this study, we report a method for direct determination of gemcitabine incorporation into human DNA. Gemcitabine (dFdC), a structural analog of the nucleoside deoxycytidine (dC), derives its primary antitumor activity through interruption of DNA synthesis. Unlike other surrogate measures, DNA incorporation provides a mechanistic end point useful for dose optimization.

A novel chromatographic method allows on-line reanalysis of the proteome.

Liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization is widely used for direct analysis of polar and labile molecules by LCMS. The on-line coupling in LCMS is a major strength but also causes a principal limitation that each eluting analyte has to be analyzed immediately and is not available for detailed interrogation after the LCMS run. Here we developed a new chromatographic strategy, which removes this limitation.

Templated mutagenesis in bacteriophage T4 involving imperfect direct or indirect sequence repeats.

Some mutations arise in association with a potential sequence donor that consists of an imperfect direct or reverse repeat. Many such mutations are complex; that is, they consist of multiple close sequence changes. Current models posit that the primer terminus of a replicating DNA molecule dissociates, reanneals with an ectopic template, extends briefly, and then returns to the cognate template, bringing with it a locally different sequence; alternatively, a hairpin structure may form the mutational intermediate when processed by mismatch repair.

Persistent synchondrosis of a primary sacral ossification center in an adult with low back pain.

Background Context: Persistence of a primary sacral ossification center resulting in synchondrosis in adulthood is rare and can confound diagnostic decision making during patient management.

Purpose: To present a synchondrosis between the sacral ala and sacral body in a healthy 23-year-old US Marine who had low back pain.

Study Design/setting: Case report.

A role for replication repair in the genesis of templated mutations.

Replication repair mediates error-free bypass of DNA damage in a series of steps that include regression of the replication fork, primer-terminus switching to use the other daughter strand as an undamaged template, primer extension, primer switching back to its cognate template with the primer terminus now having bypassed the damage, and fork rearrangement to a normal configuration. By both genetic and biochemical criteria, bacteriophage T4 catalyzes replication repair with two alternative sets of proteins, one including the gp32 SSB and the gp41 DNA helicase and the other including the UvsX recombinase. In each pathway, synthesis is conducted by the gp43 DNA polymerase.

Husserl's theory of wholes and parts and the methodology of nursing research.

Whenever the name Edmund Husserl appears in the context of nursing research, what correctly comes to mind is the phenomenological approach to qualitative methodology. Husserl is not only considered the founder of phenomenology, but his broad concept development also contributed to the demise of positivism and inspired fruitful approaches to the social sciences. In this spirit of inspiration, it must be expressed that Husserl's theory of wholes and parts, and particularly his differentiation of parts into "pieces" and "moments", is very helpful in guiding the selection of research methods across the board in nursing science.

Demonstration of direct bioanalysis of drugs in plasma using nanoelectrospray infusion from a silicon chip coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.

Quantitative bioanalysis by direct nanoelectrospray infusion coupled to tandem mass spectrometry has been achieved using an automated liquid sampler integrated with an array of microfabricated electrospray nozzles allowing rapid, serial sample introduction (1 min/ sample). Standard curves prepared in human plasma for verapamil (r2 = 0.999) and its metabolite norverapamil (r2 = 0.

Detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: validation of a one-well assay and quantitative pooling studies.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are currently being mapped and databased at a remarkable pace, providing a viable means for understanding disease susceptibility, differential drug response and human evolution. Consequently, there is an increasing demand for SNP genotyping technologies that are simple, rapid, cost effective and readily amenable to automation for high-throughput analyses. In this study, we improved the Survivor Assay, a SNP detection method based on electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), with several developments.

Surface-alkylated polystyrene monolithic columns for peptide analysis in capillary liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

Macroporous poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) (PS-DVB) monoliths were prepared by in situ polymerization in PEEK, fused silica, or stainless steel tubing having an inner diameter of 75 or 125 microm. A process is described for subsequent alkylation of the flow-contacting surfaces of the monoliths. The process treats all the surfaces including through-pore surfaces of the rigid macroporous monolith with a solution containing a dissolved Friedel-Crafts catalyst, an alkyl halide (1-chlorooctadecane), and an organic solvent.