Concurrent ependymal and ganglionic differentiation in a subset of supratentorial neuroepithelial tumors with EWSR1-PLAGL1 rearrangement.

Neuroepithelial tumors with fusion of PLAGL1 or amplification of PLAGL1/PLAGL2 have recently been described often with ependymoma-like or embryonal histology respectively. To further evaluate emerging entities with PLAG-family genetic alterations, the histologic, molecular, clinical, and imaging features are described for 8 clinical cases encountered at St. Jude (EWSR1-PLAGL1 fusion n = 6; PLAGL1 amplification n = 1; PLAGL2 amplification n = 1).

How auditory neurons count temporal intervals and decode information.

The numerical sense of animals includes identifying the numerosity of a sequence of events that occur with specific intervals, e.g., notes in a call or bar of music.

Brain regions controlling courtship behavior in the bluehead wrasse.

Bluehead wrasses (Thalassoma bifasciatum) follow a socially controlled mechanism of sex determination. A socially dominant initial-phase (IP) female is able to transform into a new terminal-phase (TP) male if the resident TP male is no longer present. TP males display an elaborate array of courtship behaviors, including both color changes and motor behaviors.

Neural basis of acoustic species recognition in a cryptic species complex.

Sexual traits that promote species recognition are important drivers of reproductive isolation, especially among closely related species. Identifying neural processes that shape species differences in recognition is crucial for understanding the causal mechanisms of reproductive isolation. Temporal patterns are salient features of sexual signals that are widely used in species recognition by several taxa, including anurans.

The Effect of Urine Collection with a Novel External Catheter Device on Common Urine Chemistry and Urinalysis Results.

Introduction: Urine collection from incontinent individuals can be challenging. Various methods have been devised to collect the sample without catheterization. Recently the PureWick external catheter was developed to draw the sample gently away from external female genitalia.

Motivational interviewing: Key ingredients associated with taking a step toward employment.

This study sought to identify key ingredients of motivational interviewing (MI) associated with taking a step in the direction of competitive employment (CE) for unemployed veterans with serious mental illness (SMI). Data were analyzed from 195 audiotaped MI sessions targeted to employment conducted with 39 veterans with SMI. Sessions were coded and analyzed to identify components of MI practice predictive of taking any step in the direction of CE (e.

DNA Methylation in Prostate Tumor Tissue Is Associated with Gleason Score.

Increasing evidence suggests a role of epigenetic mechanisms at chromosome 8q24, an important cancer genetic susceptibility region, in prostate cancer. We investigated whether DNA methylation at 8q24 (six CpG sites from exon 3 to the 3' UTR) in prostate tumor was associated with tumor aggressiveness (based on Gleason score, GS), and we incorporated RNA expression data to investigate the function. We accessed radical prostatectomy tissue for 50 Caucasian and 50 African American prostate cancer patients at the University of Maryland Medical Center, selecting an equal number of GS 6 and GS 7 cases per group.

How auditory selectivity for sound timing arises: The diverse roles of GABAergic inhibition in shaping the excitation to interval-selective midbrain neurons.

Across sensory systems, temporal frequency information is progressively transformed along ascending central pathways. Despite considerable effort to elucidate the mechanistic basis of these transformations, they remain poorly understood. Here we used a novel constellation of approaches, including whole-cell recordings and focal pharmacological manipulation, in vivo, and new computational algorithms that identify conductances resulting from excitation, inhibition and active membrane properties, to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the selectivity of midbrain auditory neurons for long temporal intervals.

Cytoplasmic Fibrillar Aggregates in Gallbladder Epithelium Are a Frequent Mimic of in Pediatric Cholecystectomy Specimens.

Context.—: is an intracellular parasite associated with gastrointestinal disease in immunocompromised hosts. Although infection has been classically associated with intestinal disease, studies have identified in the gallbladder of immunocompetent patients based on hematoxylin-eosin morphology.

Latency for facultative expression of male-typical courtship behaviour by female bluehead wrasses depends on social rank: the 'priming/gating' hypothesis.

Although socially controlled sex transformation in fishes is well established, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Particularly enigmatic is behavioural transformation, in which fish can rapidly switch from exhibiting female to male-typical courtship behaviours following removal of 'supermales'. Bluehead wrasses are a model system for investigating environmental control of sex determination, particularly the social control of sex transformation.

A sequential analysis of motivational interviewing technical skills and client responses.

Background: The technical hypothesis of Motivational Interviewing (MI) proposes that: (a) client talk favoring behavior change, or Change Talk (CT) is associated with better behavior change outcomes, whereas client talk against change, or Sustain Talk (ST) is associated with less favorable outcomes, and (b) specific therapist verbal behaviors influence whether client CT or ST occurs. MI consistent (MICO) therapist behaviors are hypothesized to be positively associated with more client CT and MI inconsistent (MIIN) behaviors with more ST. Previous studies typically examine session-level frequency counts or immediate lag sequential associations between these variables.

The numerical abilities of anurans and their neural correlates: insights from neuroethological studies of acoustic communication.

Acoustic communication is important in the reproductive behaviour of anurans. The acoustic repertoire of most species consists of several call types, but some anurans gradually increase the complexity of their calls during aggressive interactions between males and when approached by females. In these interactions, males may closely match the number of calls or notes in a sequence that a neighbour produces, thereby revealing their numerical abilities.

Effects of Minimal Versus Intensive Intervention to Enhance Motivational Interviewing in HIV Care.

We conducted a randomized trial comparing the effect of two different levels of motivational interviewing training on clinician communication behaviors and patient experiences. We enrolled 12 HIV clinicians who attended a one-day MI workshop focusing on behavior change counseling skills. We then randomized clinicians to receive (or not) 3-5 rounds of personalized feedback from the MI trainer.

Phasic, suprathreshold excitation and sustained inhibition underlie neuronal selectivity for short-duration sounds.

Sound duration is important in acoustic communication, including speech recognition in humans. Although duration-selective auditory neurons have been found, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. To investigate these mechanisms we combined in vivo whole-cell patch recordings from midbrain neurons, extraction of excitatory and inhibitory conductances, and focal pharmacological manipulations.

Species specificity of temporal processing in the auditory midbrain of gray treefrogs: long-interval neurons.

In recently diverged gray treefrogs (Hyla chrysoscelis and H. versicolor), advertisement calls that differ primarily in pulse shape and pulse rate act as an important premating isolation mechanism. Temporally selective neurons in the anuran inferior colliculus may contribute to selective behavioral responses to these calls.

Counting on dis-inhibition: a circuit motif for interval counting and selectivity in the anuran auditory system.

Information can be encoded in the temporal patterning of spikes. How the brain reads these patterns is of general importance and represents one of the greatest challenges in neuroscience. We addressed this issue in relation to temporal pattern recognition in the anuran auditory system.

Patient-provider concordance with behavioral change goals drives measures of motivational interviewing consistency.

Objective: Motivational Interviewing (MI) consistent talk by a counselor is thought to produce "change talk" in clients. However, it is possible that client resistance to behavior change can produce MI inconsistent counselor behavior.

Methods: We applied a coding scheme which identifies all of the behavioral counseling about a given issue during a visit ("episodes"), assesses patient concordance with the behavioral goal, and labels providers' counseling style as facilitative or directive, to a corpus of routine outpatient visits by people with HIV.

Species-specificity of temporal processing in the auditory midbrain of gray treefrogs: interval-counting neurons.

Interval-counting neurons (ICNs) respond after a threshold number of sound pulses have occurred with specific intervals; a single aberrant interval can reset the counting process. Female gray treefrogs, Hyla chrysoscelis and H. versicolor, discriminate against synthetic 'calls' possessing a single interpulse interval 2-3 three times the optimal value, suggesting that ICNs are important for call recognition.

Time computations in anuran auditory systems.

Temporal computations are important in the acoustic communication of anurans. In many cases, calls between closely related species are nearly identical spectrally but differ markedly in temporal structure. Depending on the species, calls can differ in pulse duration, shape and/or rate (i.

Motivational interviewing and decisional balance: contrasting responses to client ambivalence.

Background: A recommendation in original descriptions of motivational interviewing (MI) was to "explore ambivalence". Contrasting procedures for doing so have been clarified through the evolution of MI.

Aims: This article describes two conceptually distinct methods for responding to ambivalence: decisional balance (DB) and MI's evocation of change talk, and reviews empirical evidence to recommend when each procedure is appropriate (and inappropriate) in clinical practice.

Motivational interviewing by HIV care providers is associated with patient intentions to reduce unsafe sexual behavior.

Objective: Motivational interviewing (MI) can promote behavior change, but HIV care providers rarely have training in MI. Little is known about the use of MI-consistent behavior among untrained providers. This study examines the prevalence of such behaviors and their association with patient intentions to reduce high-risk sexual behavior.

Treatment acceptance and adherence in HIV disease: patient identity and the perceived impact of physician-patient communication.

Studies have found that physician-patient relationships and communication quality are related to medication adherence and outcomes in HIV care. Few qualitative studies exist of how people living with HIV experience clinical communication about their self-care behavior. Eight focus groups with people living with HIV in two US cities were conducted.

Combining pharmacology and whole-cell patch recording from CNS neurons, in vivo.

Whole-cell patch neurophysiology and pharmacological manipulations have provided unprecedented insight into the functions of central neurons, but their combined use has been largely restricted to in vitro preparations. We describe a method for performing whole-cell patch recording and focal application of pharmacological agents in vivo. A key feature of this technique involves iontophoresis of glutamate to establish proximity of drug and recording pipettes.