Publications by authors named "Gary N Foulks"
Purpose: Validation of the novel Lexitas modified NEI scale for use in assessment of corneal fluorescein staining.
Patients And Methods: A series of 18 illustrations and 14 clinical photographs depicting varying severity levels of corneal fluorescein staining were assessed by 3 independent examiners. Regions of the cornea were graded for staining severity based on 3 different grading scales: the original NEI staining scale (density-based scoring; 0-3 scale), a structured version of the NEI scale (dot-count scoring; 0-3 scale), and the Lexitas modified NEI staining scale (0-4 scale with half-point increments).
Purpose: This study sought to identify factors contributing to the inadequacies of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMAs) published in the ophthalmology literature.
Design: Perspective.
Methods: Review and synthesis of selective literature, with interpretation and perspective.
Purpose: Relationships between tear film lipid (TFL) layer composition, structure, and function could provide insight into the etiology of dry eye. The molar ratio of cholesteryl ester (CE)/wax ester (WE) was measured in meibum from normal donors (Mn) and compared with meibum from donors with meibomian gland dysfunction (MMGD).
Methods: CE/WE was measured using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
The development of novel therapies for Dry Eye Disease (DED) is formidable, and relatively few treatments evaluated have been approved for marketing. In this report, the Subcommittee reviewed challenges in designing and conducting quality trials, with special reference to issues in trials in patients with DED and present the regulatory perspective on DED therapies. The Subcommittee reviewed the literature and while there are some observations about the possible reasons why so many trials have failed, there is no obvious single reason other than the lack of correlation between signs and symptoms in DED.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To provide a consensus clinical guideline for management of dry eye disease associated with Sjögren disease by evaluating published treatments and recommending management options.
Design: Consensus panel evaluation of reported treatments for dry eye disease.
Methods: Using the 2007 Report of the International Workshop on Dry Eye (DEWS) as a starting point, a panel of eye care providers and consultants evaluated peer-reviewed publications and developed recommendations for evaluation and management of dry eye disease associated with Sjögren disease.
Publication of the DEWS report in 2007 established the state of the science of dry eye disease (DED). Since that time, new evidence suggests that a rethinking of traditional concepts of dry eye disease is in order. Specifically, new evidence on the epidemiology of the disease, as well as strategies for diagnosis, have changed the understanding of DED, which is a heterogeneous disease associated with considerable variability in presentation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To describe new options for diagnosis and severity grading of dry eye disease.
Design: Perspective on technological advancements to identify tear dysfunction and their value in diagnosing and grading dry eye disease.
Methods: Evidence is presented on new and evolving technologies to measure tear stability, composition, and meniscus height and their role in dry eye diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy grading is assessed.
Objectives: The aim of the study reported here was to assess the efficacy of an artificial tear emulsion for the treatment of dry eye associated with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).
Methods: At five clinics, patients completed a 1-week treatment with their habitual topical therapy and then a 4-week treatment with open-label study medication: Systane® Balance Lubricant Eye Drops (Alcon, Alcon Inc, Fort Worth, TX, USA). Subjective assessments included a preference survey, the Impact of Dry Eye in Everyday Life questionnaire, and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire.
Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between signs and symptoms of dry eye disease (DED) in a clinic-based population.
Methods: In a retrospective analysis, clinical signs and symptoms were evaluated for 344 subjects (n = 82, normal; n = 263, dry eye), across 11 sites from the EU and United States. Pearson correlations between signs and symptoms (r(2) ) and an independent components analysis (ICA) mixing matrix were derived from the data set.
Purpose: We have previously reported that mouse kallikrein (KLK) 22 in the lacrimal and salivary glands is an autoantigen that can induce primary Sjogren syndrome (SS) in rats. In this study, we determine whether the production of antibodies against tissue KLK is specific for SS and whether the antibody can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis in humans.
Methods: Sera from 11 patients diagnosed with SS, 8 patients with dry eye disease (DED), and 8 normal age/sex-matched controls (NL) were collected for detecting antibodies against tissue KLK1, KLK11, KLK12, and KLK13 by capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.