Comparisons of the responses of anterior and posterior human adult male bladder neck smooth muscle to in vitro stimulation.

Objective: To evaluate differing methods of stimulation on strips of human bladder neck smooth muscle and compare muscle taken from the anterior and posterior aspects.

Materials And Methods: Samples of adult human male bladder neck muscle were obtained from patients undergoing open radical prostatectomy. Muscle was taken from either the anterior or posterior (nine and six patients, respectively) aspects of the bladder neck.

An evaluation of laparoscopic tissue harvesting for human adult urological smooth muscle physiological experimentation.

Objective: To evaluate the properties of laparoscopically harvested bladder neck and ureteric smooth muscle, compared with tissue obtained at open surgery.

Materials And Methods: Bladder neck was harvested from patients undergoing open (eight) or laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (11). Ureter was obtained from patients undergoing nephrectomy (laparoscopic or open) and cystectomy (open only); obtained openly from 16 and laparoscopically from seven.