Continuous Flow Approach for Benzylic Photo-oxidations Using Compressed Air.

A continuous flow approach for the aerobic photo-oxidation of benzylic substrates to ketone and aldehyde products is presented. The resulting process exploits UV-A LEDs (375 nm) in combination with a Corning AFR reactor that ensures effective gas-liquid mixing and leads to short residence times of 1 min. A variety of benzylic substrates are converted to their corresponding carbonyl products, and scalability is demonstrated to produce multigram quantities of products within a few hours.

Minimizing the Long-term Effects of Ionizing Radiation in Pediatric Computed Tomography Examinations.

Purpose: To identify methods for minimizing the effects of ionizing radiation from pediatric computed tomography (CT) examinations, including the education of medical staff, imaging staff, and patients, and dose-reduction techniques that provide the best patient care and highest image quality at the lowest possible dose.

Methods: A literature search was conducted for peer-reviewed journal articles and Web-based information from professional organizations that discuss ionizing radiation in CT examinations and its effects on adult or pediatric patients.

Results And Discussion: The literature indicates that dose-reduction methods, such as using appropriate technical factors and shielding, are beneficial in acquiring the best image quality for proper diagnosis at the lowest dose possible to the patient.

Evidence that better outcome of psychosis in women is reversed with increasing age of onset: a population-based 5-year follow-up study.

Background: Female gender and later onset of psychosis are both associated with better outcome. However whether their effects are independent, is not known.

Method: In 379 incident cases of psychoses, from an epidemiologically defined catchment area, admixture analysis was employed to generate age of onset classes.

Do symptom dimensions or categorical diagnoses best discriminate between known risk factors for psychosis?

Objective: To describe symptom dimensions of psychosis using detailed psychopathological information from epidemiologically defined incident cases which include the full spectrum of functional psychosis across all age ranges. Then, assess the comparative usefulness of the dimensional and categorical representations of psychosis in discriminating between demographic and pre-morbid risk factors.

Method: A total of 464 incident cases of psychosis assessed with OPCRIT (Operational Checklist for Psychotic Symptoms) were included in an exploratory factor analysis.

Long-term course of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.

The aim of this study was to examine the long-term course of cognitive impairment in people with schizophrenia. Forty-three people with schizophrenia were followed up over an average of 33 years along with a control group of 12 matched individuals free from psychosis. Cognitive function was assessed at baseline and follow-up.

Summer birth and deficit schizophrenia in Dumfries and Galloway, southwestern Scotland.

Objective: An association between deficit schizophrenia and summer birth has previously been reported. Confirmation of a separate risk factor for this group of patients is potentially important, but the number of subjects with deficit schizophrenia in previous reports has been small. This analysis used data from an epidemiological study of incident cases of psychosis to test the hypothesis that deficit schizophrenia is associated with summer birth.