Efficacy and moderators of a family group cognitive-behavioral preventive intervention for children of parents with depression.

Objective: Building on an earlier study (Compas, Forehand, Thigpen, et al., 2011), tests of main effects and potential moderators of a family group cognitive-behavioral (FGCB) preventive intervention for children of parents with a history of depression are reported.

Method: Assessed a sample of 180 families (242 children ages 9-15 years) in a randomized controlled trial assessed at 2, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after baseline.

Molecular detection of novel astroviruses in wild and laboratory mice.

Pooled fecal specimens collected from striped field mice (Apodemus agrarius), yellow-necked mice (Apodemus flavicollis), and bank voles (Myodes glareolus) and individual stool samples collected from laboratory mice were tested for the presence of picornaviruses and astroviruses. Picornavirus RNA was detected only in one striped field mouse sample pool, while astrovirus RNA was detected in two yellow-necked mouse sample pools and in six of the 121 laboratory mouse samples. In a 234-amino acid (aa) fragment of the viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), the wild mouse picornavirus revealed the closest homology to the canyon mouse (Peromyscus crinitus) (93 % aa) and canine kobuviruses (92 % aa) and to Aichi virus (88 % aa).

Molecular detection of murine noroviruses in laboratory and wild mice.

Fecal specimens collected from 121 laboratory mice, 30 striped field mice (Apodemus agrarius), 70 yellow-necked mice (Apodemus flavicollis), and 3 bank voles (Myodes glareolus) were tested in sample pools for the presence of murine noroviruses (MNV). Ten of 41 laboratory mice and 2 of 3 striped field mice pooled samples were positive for MNV. All laboratory mouse MNVs were closely related to previously described MNVs.

Reducing major depression in children at high risk: opportunities for prevention.

Objective: The profound negative impact of a parent's Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) on his or her children is of increasing concern to public health and mental health professionals. Children of a depressed parent have a markedly elevated risk for psychiatric illness, including a fourfold increased risk for MDD. The objective is to examine the scientific literature for ways to reduce this high risk to the offspring.

Family group cognitive-behavioral preventive intervention for families of depressed parents: 18- and 24-month outcomes.

Objective: In a long-term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial (Compas et al., 2009) to examine the effects at 18- and 24-month follow-ups of a family group cognitive-behavioral (FGCB) preventive intervention for mental health outcomes for children and parents from families (N = 111) of parents with a history of major depressive disorder (MDD).

Method: Parents with a history of MDD and their 9- to 15-year-old children were randomly assigned to a FGCB intervention or a written information comparison condition.

Coping and parenting: Mediators of 12-month outcomes of a family group cognitive-behavioral preventive intervention with families of depressed parents.

Objective: In a randomized clinical trial with 111 families of parents with a history of major depressive disorder (86% mothers, 14% fathers; 86% Caucasian, 5% African-American, 3% Hispanic, 1% American Indian or Alaska Native, 4% mixed ethnicity), changes in adolescents' (mean age = 11 years; 42% female, 58% male) coping and parents' parenting skills were examined as mediators of the effects of a family group cognitive-behavioral preventive intervention on adolescents' internalizing and externalizing symptoms.

Method: Changes in hypothesized mediators were assessed at 6 months, and changes in adolescents' symptoms were measured at a 12-month follow-up.

Results: Significant differences favoring the family intervention compared with a written information comparison condition were found for changes in composite measures of parent-adolescent reports of adolescents' use of secondary control coping skills and direct observations of parents' positive parenting skills.

Patient-derived granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor autoantibodies reproduce pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in nonhuman primates.

Rationale: Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) autoantibodies (GMAb) are strongly associated with idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) and are believed to be important in its pathogenesis. However, levels of GMAb do not correlate with disease severity and GMAb are also present at low levels in healthy individuals.

Objectives: Our primary objective was to determine whether human GMAb would reproduce PAP in healthy primates.

Randomized controlled trial of a family cognitive-behavioral preventive intervention for children of depressed parents.

A family cognitive-behavioral preventive intervention for parents with a history of depression and their 9-15-year-old children was compared with a self-study written information condition in a randomized clinical trial (n = 111 families). Outcomes were assessed at postintervention (2 months), after completion of 4 monthly booster sessions (6 months), and at 12-month follow-up. Children were assessed by child reports on depressive symptoms, internalizing problems, and externalizing problems; by parent reports on internalizing and externalizing problems; and by child and parent reports on a standardized diagnostic interview.

Cross-situational coping with peer and family stressors in adolescent offspring of depressed parents.

Offspring of depressed parents are faced with significant interpersonal stress both within their families and in peer relationships. The present study examined parent and self-reports of adolescents' coping in response to family and peer stressors in 73 adolescent children of parents with a history of depression. Correlational analyses indicated that adolescents were moderately consistent in the coping strategies used with peer stress and family stress.

Coping with the stress of parental depression II: adolescent and parent reports of coping and adjustment.

This study examined associations between adolescents' self-reports and parents' reports of adolescents' exposure to family stress, coping, and symptoms of anxiety/depression and aggression in a sample of 78 adolescent offspring of depressed parents. Significant cross-informant correlations were found between adolescents' reports of family stress, their stress responses, and their coping and parents' reports of adolescents' symptoms of anxiety/depression and aggression, but not between parents' reports of adolescents' stress and coping and adolescents' self-reported symptoms. Adolescents' reports of secondary control engagement coping and involuntary engagement stress responses mediated the relation between adolescents' reports of parental stress and parents' reports of adolescents' anxiety/depression symptoms.

Coping with the stress of parental depression: parents' reports of children's coping, emotional, and behavioral problems.

Examined children's coping and involuntary responses to the stress of living with a depressed parent in relation to their symptoms of anxiety/depression and aggression. Sixty-six clinically depressed adults rated their children's (ages 7 to 17 years old; N = 101) coping and involuntary responses to parental stressors and anxiety/depressive and aggressive behavior symptoms. Based on parent report, children of depressed parents had high rates of symptoms of anxiety/depression and aggression, were exposed to moderate levels of parental stressors (parental intrusiveness, parental withdrawal), and responded to the stress of living with a depressed parent in ways that were associated with symptoms of psychopathology.