Injuries in bouldering: a prospective study.

Objective: Bouldering is a type of rock climbing in which the climber ascends small boulders with pads and spotters in lieu of ropes, with an emphasis on ascending the most difficult surface possible. We sought to investigate the prevalence and incidence of injuries, and we hypothesized boulderers who enlisted preventative measures and those who bouldered indoors would have fewer injuries. METHODS This cross-sectional cohort study assessed incidence and pattern of injury among indoor and outdoor boulderers over 1 year.

Microwave processing for sample preparation to evaluate mitochondrial ultrastructural damage in hemorrhagic shock.

This is a report of the adaptation of microwave processing in the preparation of liver biopsies for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to examine ultrastructural damage of mitochondria in the setting of metabolic stress. Hemorrhagic shock was induced in pigs via 35% total blood volume bleed and a 90-min period of shock followed by resuscitation. Hepatic biopsies were collected before shock and after resuscitation.

Poor glycemic control in diabetic patients seeking care in the ED.

We hypothesized that diabetic patients in the emergency department (ED) have poorer glycemic control than patients seeking care at primary care clinics. A convenience sample of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values was gathered retrospectively from the ED, Endocrinology, and Family Medicine Clinics. Results were divided into controlled, poorly controlled, and extremely poorly controlled.