Pitching mechanics, revisited.

Unlabelled: The overhead pitching motion is described as a coordinated sequence of body movements and muscular forces that have an ultimate goal of achieving high ball velocity and target accuracy. An understanding of the dynamic overhead throwing motion outlined in this clinical commentary can assist the clinician in addressing the unique injuries experienced by the pitcher. The potential biomechanical sources for injury have been studied utilizing videography and electromyographic techniques due to the rapid pace with which the pitching motion occurs.

Twelve-year follow-up on anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: long-term outcomes of prospectively studied osseous and articular injuries.

Background: Although successful at restoring near normal laxity to the knee in the short term, anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions have not been shown to prevent the development of posttraumatic arthritis.

Hypothesis: Bone bruises and articular cartilage injuries sustained at the time of initial injury (1991) would not resolve. Our secondary hypothesis was that the presence of a bone bruise or articular cartilage injury originally identified on magnetic resonance imaging would not be associated with long-term outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction evaluated by the International Knee Documentation Committee questionnaire.