Cause-specific and all-cause mortalities in vegetarian compared with those in nonvegetarian participants from the Adventist Health Study-2 cohort.

Background: There have been mixed results reported internationally when associating vegetarian dietary patterns with all-cause and cause-specific mortalities.

Objectives: This study aimed to extend our previous results by evaluating, with a larger number of deaths (N = 12,515), cause-specific mortalities comparing different vegetarian types with nonvegetarians.

Methods: This prospective study used data from the Adventist Health Study-2 cohort.

Methods and participant characteristics in the Cancer Risk in Vegetarians Consortium: a cross-sectional analysis across 11 prospective studies.

Background: The associations of vegetarian diets with risks for site-specific cancers have not been estimated reliably due to the low number of vegetarians in previous studies. Therefore, the Cancer Risk in Vegetarians Consortium was established. The aim is to describe and compare the baseline characteristics between non-vegetarian and vegetarian diet groups and between the collaborating studies.

Association of tea and coffee consumption and biliary tract cancer risk: The Biliary Tract Cancers Pooling Project.

Background And Aims: Tea and coffee are widely consumed beverages worldwide. We evaluated their association with biliary tract cancer (BTC) incidence.

Approach And Results: We pooled data from 15 studies in the Biliary Tract Cancers Pooling Project to evaluate associations between tea and coffee consumption and biliary tract cancer development.

Obesity Is Associated with a Weakened Gingival Inflammatory Cytokine Response.

: An obesity-related elevated body mass index (BMI) across life is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in blood. CRP is a marker and promoter of inflammation. The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of obesity on the relationship between peripheral and gingival CRP levels and to examine the effects of gingival CRP levels on gingival fluid inflammatory cytokines in periodontitis-resistant obese individuals.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and the Ratio of Omega-3 to Omega-6 Fatty Acids Consumption among Women in the Adventist Health Study-2.

Objective: To assess the associations of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids consumption, and the ratio between the two, with self-reported doctor told Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) diagnosis. Further, to assess whether initiation of omega-3 supplements intake was related to time/year of SLE diagnosis.

Methods: Data from 42,398 women in the Adventist Health Study-2 cohort were used for this cross-sectional study.

Plasma metabolomics profiles in Black and White participants of the Adventist Health Study-2 cohort.

Background: Black Americans suffer disparities in risk for cardiometabolic and other chronic diseases. Findings from the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) cohort have shown associations of plant-based dietary patterns and healthy lifestyle factors with prevention of such diseases. Hence, it is likely that racial differences in metabolic profiles correlating with disparities in chronic diseases are explained largely by diet and lifestyle, besides social determinants of health.

Proportional troponin changes and risk for outcomes with intervention strategies in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome across kidney function.

Aims: This analysis evaluates whether proportional serial cardiac troponin (cTn) change predicts benefit from an early versus delayed invasive, or conservative treatment strategies across kidney function in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS).

Methods: Patients diagnosed with NSTE-ACS in the Veterans Health Administration between 1999 and 2022 were categorized into terciles (<20%, 20 to ≤80%, >80%) of proportional change in serial cTn. Primary outcome included mortality or rehospitalization for myocardial infarction at 6 and 12 months, in survivors of index admission.

Sialic acids Neu5Ac and KDN in adipose tissue samples from individuals following habitual vegetarian or non-vegetarian dietary patterns.

Sialic acids (Sias) are a class of sugar molecules with a parent nine-carbon neuraminic acid, generally present at the ends of carbohydrate chains, either attached to cellular surfaces or as secreted glycoconjugates. Given their position and structural diversity, Sias modulate a wide variety of biological processes. However, little is known about the role of Sias in human adipose tissue, or their implications for health and disease, particularly among individuals following different dietary patterns.

Metabolomic profiles of obesity and subgingival microbiome in periodontally healthy individuals: A cross-sectional study.

Aim: Since blood metabolomic profiles of obese individuals are known to be altered, our objective was to examine the association between obesity-related metabolic patterns and subgingival microbial compositions in obese and non-obese periodontally healthy individuals.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-nine periodontally healthy subjects were enrolled. Based on body mass index scores, 20 subjects were categorized as lean and 19 as obese.

Left ventricular diastolic abnormalities in vegetarians compared with non-vegetarians.

Vegetarians have less hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity, hence possibly lower risk of congestive heart failure (HF). We studied associations between vegetarian diets and echocardiographic markers of stage B HF. In a cross-sectional study, dietary pattern was ascertained by a validated FFQ.

Are total omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids predictors of fatal stroke in the Adventist Health Study 2 prospective cohort?

Introduction: The effects of omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on cerebrovascular disease remain unsettled. However, most studies have focused on marine sourced n-3 PUFA rather than total n-3 PUFA, of which the majority in the American diet is plant derived. This study therefore intended to investigate these effects in a cohort for which the vegetarian diet was more prevalent than the general public.

The association between dietary patterns and a doctor diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus: the Adventist Health Study-2.

Objective: The aim of our study was to assess the association between a diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and dietary pattern as well as demographic factors among subjects in the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) cohort.

Methods: Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to assess the association between prevalence of self-reported SLE and dietary patterns (vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian and non-vegetarian). Potential confounding variables included were age, gender, race, education, and smoking history among 77,795 AHS-2 participants.

Lower Compliance with Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines Among Vegetarians in North America.

Cervical cancer is preventable and treatable through regular screening and follow-up. However, the utilization of cervical cancer screening may vary widely based on individual lifestyles. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in the adherence to cervical cancer screening guidelines in various dietary groups.

Dairy foods, calcium intakes, and risk of incident prostate cancer in Adventist Health Study-2.

Background: Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous cancer in American males. Causal links between dairy, or dietary calcium, and this cancer are considered suggestive but limited.

Objectives: To evaluate these associations in a large North American cohort, including many with no (or very low) dairy intake and much calcium from nondairy sources.

Cancer risk in living kidney donors.

Living kidney donors are screened for transmissible diseases including cancer. Outcomes following donation are excellent, but concern exists regarding development of chronic kidney disease, and cancer risk is unknown. We used linked transplant and cancer registry data to identify incident cancers among 84,357 kidney donors in the United States (1995-2017).

Echocardiographic Parameters and Outcomes in Methamphetamine-Associated Heart Failure: A Propensity Score-Weighted Analysis.

Background: Methamphetamines are a common cause of systolic heart failure (HF). There are limited data on the prognosis associated with hospitalizations for decompensated HF in the setting of methamphetamine use. We aimed to evaluate patient characteristics and outcomes among patients admitted with decompensated HF who had positive drug screens for amphetamines as well as to determine whether any parameters from transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) can predict outcomes in this population.

Glycemic status, non-traditional risk and left ventricular structure and function in the Jackson Heart Study.

Background: Left ventricular structure and function abnormalities may be an early marker of cardiomyopathy among African Americans with diabetes (DM) even in the absence of coronary artery disease (CAD), arrhythmia, valvular heart disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This study examined the association of prediabetes (PDM), DM and HbA1c with left ventricular structure and function among Jackson Heart Study (JHS) participants without traditional risk factors.

Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional analyses of the association of PDM, DM and HbA1c with, left ventricular ejection fraction (LV EF), fractional shortening (LV FS), stroke volume index (SVI), cardiac index (CI), left ventricular end diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), left ventricular end systolic volume index (LVESVI), relative wall thickness (RWT), myocardial contraction fraction (MCF) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI).

The Biology of Veganism: Plasma Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Distinct Profiles of Vegans and Non-Vegetarians in the Adventist Health Study-2 Cohort.

It is unclear how vegetarian dietary patterns influence plasma metabolites involved in biological processes regulating chronic diseases. We sought to identify plasma metabolic profiles distinguishing vegans (avoiding meat, eggs, dairy) from non-vegetarians (consuming ≥28 g/day red meat) of the Adventist Health Study-2 cohort using global metabolomics profiling with ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Differences in abundance of metabolites or biochemical subclasses were analyzed using linear regression models, adjusting for surrogate and confounding variables, with cross-validation to simulate results from an independent sample.

Ultra-processed food intake and animal-based food intake and mortality in the Adventist Health Study-2.

Background: Both ultra-processed foods and animal-derived foods have been associated with mortality in some studies.

Objectives: We aimed to examine the association of 2 dietary factors (ultra-processed foods and animal-based foods), adjusted for each other, with all-cause mortality.

Methods: The setting is an observational prospective cohort study in North America, recruited from Seventh-day Adventist churches, comprised of 95,597 men and women, yielding an analytic sample of 77,437 participants after exclusions.

Dietary Animal to Plant Protein Ratio Is Associated with Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome in Participants of the AHS-2 Calibration Study.

Background: Few research studies have focused on the effects of dietary protein on metabolic syndrome and its components. Our objective was to determine the relationship between the type of dietary protein intake and animal to plant (AP) protein ratio with metabolic syndrome and its components.

Methods: This population-based study had a cross sectional design and conducted on 518 participants of the Adventist Health Study 2 (AHS-2) Calibration Study.

Validity of FFQ Estimates of Total Sugars, Added Sugars, Sucrose and Fructose Compared to Repeated 24-h Recalls in Adventist Health Study-2 Participants.

Sugar intake is a potentially important aspect of diet which has not previously been validated in the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2). We sought to validate the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) measurement of total sugars, added sugars, sucrose, and fructose against multiple 24-h dietary recalls (recalls) in AHS-2 participants. Food consumption data from a self-administered FFQ and six recalls from 904 participants were combined with nutrient profile data to estimate daily sugar intake.

Predictors of In-hospital Mortality in Cardiogenic Shock Patients on Vasoactive or Inotropic Support.

Background: Though controversial, the short-duration in-patient use of inotropes in cardiogenic shock (CS) remain an ACC/AHA Class IIa indication, and are frequently used in the initial treatment of CS. We evaluated in-patient mortality and effect on mortality risk of commonly used vasoactive inotropic medications for the medical management of SCAI stage B and C cardiogenic shock patients in a tertiary care cardiac care unit: dobutamine, dopamine, milrinone, and norepinephrine.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 342 patients who received dobutamine, milrinone, dopamine, norepinephrine or a combination of these medications for SCAI stage B and C cardiogenic shock.

Cross-sectional comparisons of subgingival microbiome and gingival fluid inflammatory cytokines in periodontally healthy vegetarians versus non-vegetarians.

Background: Vegetarian diets are known to reduce inflammation. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that reduced inflammation associated with a vegetarian diet would promote a more commensal subgingival bacterial profile.

Methods: A total of 39 periodontally healthy subjects (PD ≤3 mm, bleeding on probing <10%) were enrolled.

Vegetarian Dietary Patterns and Cognitive Function among Older Adults: The Adventist Health Study-2.

We explored effects on cognitive function of following plant-based vegetarian compared with non-vegetarian dietary patterns in otherwise healthy older community-dwelling members of the Adventist Health Study-2 cohort ( = 132). Cognition was assessed using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery; a principal components analysis derived processing speed, executive function, and memory/language factors. Mild memory impairment (MMI) ( = 26, 19.

Omega-3 fatty acids are associated with blood-brain barrier integrity in a healthy aging population.

In aging populations, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been associated with better cognitive function, slower rates of cognitive decline, and lower risk of developing dementia. Animal studies have shown that diets rich in omega-3 PUFAs reduce blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption associated with aging, but this has yet to be observed in humans. Forty-five healthy subjects (mean age, 76 years) were recruited and underwent cognitive assessment (verbal learning and memory, language, processing speed, executive function, and motor control) and measurement of PUFAs.