Profile and Usefulness of Serum Cytokines to Predict Prognosis in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease.

Objectives: To characterize the serum cytokine profile in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) at onset and during follow-up and assess their utility for predicting relapses and disability.

Methods: This retrospective multicentric cohort study included patients aged 16 years and older meeting MOGAD 2023 criteria, with serum samples collected at baseline (≤3 months from disease onset) and follow-up (≥6 months from the baseline), and age-matched and time to sampling-matched patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Eleven cytokines were assessed using the ELLA system.

Complement Activation Profiles Predict Clinical Outcomes in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease.

Background And Objectives: The role of the complement system in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is not completely understood, and studies exploring its potential utility for diagnosis and prognosis are lacking. We aimed to investigate the value of complement factors (CFs) as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in patients with MOGAD.

Methods: Multicentric retrospective cohort study including patients with MOGAD, multiple sclerosis (MS) and aquaporin-4 seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-NMOSD) with available paired serum and CSF samples.

Investigating the 2023 MOGAD Criteria in Children and Adults With MOG-Antibody Positivity Within and Outside Attacks.

Background And Objectives: The 2023 criteria for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) perform well in adults but have not been assessed in children.

Methods: This prospective observational nationwide study includes children and adults with demyelinating syndromes or encephalitis, whose serum or CSF was found MOG-immunoglobulin G (IgG) positive at Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona (Spain). Exclusion criteria were lack of clinical information and follow-up <1 year, and serum unavailable for antibody testing.

The nature of memory impairment in multiple sclerosis: understanding different patterns over the course of the disease.

Introduction: Memory deficit is one of the most common and severe cognitive impairments in patients with multiple sclerosis and can greatly affect their quality of life. However, there is currently no agreement as to the nature of memory deficit in multiple sclerosis.

Methods: This cross-sectional study, carried out at the Dr.

Iatrogenic Shapiro syndrome: a case report.

Objectives: Shapiro's syndrome (SS) is a rare condition characterized by spontaneous periodic hypothermia. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and etiology of this syndrome remain controversial, and fewer than 100 cases have been reported to date. The objective of this case report is to present a unique iatrogenic case of SS and contribute additional insights into the underlying etiology of this rare disorder.

A new phenotype of myorhythmia: Oculofacial myorhythmia in a patient with Erdheim Chester disease.

Oculofacial myorhythmia (OFM) is a movement disorder characterized by slow, rhythmic, and repetitive movement that affects the periorbital and perioral muscles. This abnormal movement is classified as a tremor and is highly suggestive of brainstem lesions. Unlike the oculomasticastory myorhythmia, the oculofacial pattern has rarely been reported to date.

Differences in metacognition between multiple sclerosis phenotypes: cognitive impairment and fatigue are key factors.

Background: Cognitive impairment is present in 40-65% of patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Objectively measured cognitive performance often does not match patients' subjective perception of their own performance.

Objective: We aimed to compare cognitive performance and subjective perception of cognitive deficits between pwMS and healthy controls (HCs), as well as the accuracy of subjective perception.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with relapsing multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab: A case report.

Introduction: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a rare but often fatal complication of some multiple sclerosis treatments. Although it has mainly been associated with natalizumab treatment, its appearance with other immunosuppressive therapies has also been reported.

Aims: The aim of this case report is to describe the development of progressive multifocal encephalopathy in a patient with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab without previous use of natalizumab.

Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P) and S1P Signaling Pathway Modulators, from Current Insights to Future Perspectives.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and S1P receptors (S1PR) are bioactive lipid molecules that are ubiquitously expressed in the human body and play an important role in the immune system. S1P-S1PR signaling has been well characterized in immune trafficking and activation in both innate and adaptive immune systems. Despite this knowledge, the full scope in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders is not well characterized yet.

Clinical heterogeneity in patients with myoclonus associated to COVID-19.

Objective: This study aims to report the clinical heterogeneity of myoclonus in 6 patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Methods: Patient data were obtained from medical records from the University Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain.

Assessing the presence of oligoclonal IgM bands as a prognostic biomarker of cognitive decline in the early stages of multiple sclerosis.

Background: An association has been found between the presence of lipid-specific oligoclonal IgM bands (LS-OCMB) in cerebrospinal fluid and a more severe clinical multiple sclerosis course.

Objective: To investigate lipid-specific oligoclonal IgM bands as a prognostic biomarker of cognitive impairment in the early stages of multiple sclerosis.

Methods: Forty-four patients underwent neuropsychological assessment at baseline and 4 years.

Clinical and radiological features of cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation.

Objectives: We want to report the clinical and radiological features of our cohort of patients diagnosed with cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation (CAA-RI) according to the Boston Criteria and additionally to disclose some atypical clinical characteristics observed in some of them to provide more knowledge about this novel entity.

Methods: We describe 5 patients with probable CAA-RI according to a validation study of proposed criteria for the diagnosis of CAA-RI at University Hospital Josep Trueta of Girona. We consider some clinical characteristics which include the response to immunotherapy, CSF findings, and MRI features.

The adult motor phenotype of Dravet syndrome is associated with mutation of the STXBP1 gene and responds well to cannabidiol treatment.

Dravet syndrome is a terrible disease generally caused by mutations of the SCN1A gene. Recently others genes such as STXBP1 have been involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. The STXBP1 mutation in patients with Dravet Syndrome may additionally causes several parkinsonian features usually attributed to carriers of the SCN1A mutation.

Cerebellopathy secondary to anti-peroxidase antibody-mediated toxicity. A special case of Hashimoto encephalopathy.

Objective: The aim of this case report is to highlight the importance of recognizing uncommon causes of cerebellar involvement.

Case Presentation: A 45-year-old woman with no medical history who presented gait instability that appears suddenly and evolves rapidly in two weeks, causing frequent falls. Neurological examination revealed an inability to walk due to severe ataxia, accompanied by global hypotonia, appendicular dysmetria, opsoclonus and dysarthria.

Intravenous Fibrinolysis in Ischemic Stroke of Large Vessel after Reversing Effect of Dabigatran with Idarucizumab.

Currently the use of idarucizumab to reverse the effect of dabigatran emerges as a possibility of treatment for those patients who present with an ischemic stroke despite taking this anticoagulant. We present our experience regarding the use of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in a patient with ischemic stroke due to complete occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery after blocking the effect of dabigatran with idarucizumab and whose result was an almost total improvement of the neurologic deficit. The use of this monoclonal antibody without a prothrombotic effect seems safe to be an intravenous fibrinolytic treatment option for patients taking dabigatran and having an ischemic stroke; however, more extensive studies are needed to determine its safety and efficacy.