Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy may support early diagnosis of glaucoma.

Purpose: To compare image characteristics of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) between glaucoma patients and healthy controls using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional pilot study with two groups: a glaucoma group with patients with moderate or severe glaucoma as per the Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson classification system and a control group with healthy individuals. The optic nerve damage in moderate glaucoma was predominantly located in only one hemisphere; the other hemisphere was un- or minimally affected on optical coherence tomography and automated perimetry and is referred to as early glaucoma.

Estimation of Goldmann applanation tonometer intraocular pressure (IOP) from scleral Schiotz IOP values in eyes with type-1 keratoprostheses.

Purpose: To validate estimation of Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) intraocular pressure (IOP) from scleral Schiotz IOP measurements using a regression model in normal eyes and eyes with type-1 keratoprostheses.

Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, cohort-1 had 253 normal anterior segment eyes, and cohort-2 had 100 eyes with type-1 keratoprostheses. Scleral Schiotz IOP measurements were used (in a non-linear model) to predict GAT IOP values for these eyes.

LVPEI Glaucoma Epidemiology and Molecular Genetic Study: teleophthalmology screening for angle-closure disease in an underserved region.

Objectives: To assess the ability of teleophthalmoscopic grading of peripheral anterior chamber depth (PACD) using the van Herick (vH) technique in detecting gonioscopically occludable angle; and to determine whether combining results from vH grading and ocular biometry can improve the accuracy to diagnose gonioscopically occludable angle METHODS: This cross-sectional study was an offshoot of a rural population-based study, Glaucoma Epidemiology and Molecular Genetic Study (GLEAMS). A masked urban ophthalmologist graded digital slit lamp photographs of PACD by vH technique. Sussman four-mirror lens was used to perform dark room indentation gonioscopy.

Combination of Simple Diagnostic Tests to Detect Primary Angle Closure Disease in a Resource-constrained Region.

: To report on diagnostic accuracy of van Herick (vH) technique performed by a vision technician (VT) as well as on efficacy of a combination of vH technique and central anterior chamber depth (ACD) in detection of primary angle closure disease.: Data was obtained from two cohorts; rural clinic setting (n = 111), and rural population-based research setting (n = 888). Van Herick grading was performed by a VT in first cohort and a glaucoma specialist in second cohort.

Toward Better Health Outcomes in Rural and Under-served Areas: L. V. Prasad Eye Institute's Diagonal Model of Glaucoma Care.

: L. V. Prasad Eye Institute has adopted horizontal approach of eye care delivery for the past 22 years at one of its rural secondary centers.

Steroid-induced glaucoma and blindness in vernal keratoconjunctivitis.

Purpose: To report the clinical features, treatment outcomes and blindness associated with steroid-induced glaucoma in vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC).

Materials And Methods: Records of patients with VKC, who visited our tertiary centre from 1992 and 2009, were reviewed and those with steroid-induced glaucoma were included in the study. Glaucoma was diagnosed based on intraocular pressure (IOP) ≥22 mm Hg on two consecutive visits (ocular hypertension) and/or glaucomatous optic disc damage.

The Outcomes of a Comprehensive Program for Maintenance of Goldmann Applanation Tonometer.

Precis: We checked 190 tonometers every month and repaired faulty ones. Calibration error (CE) frequency reduced from 23% to 0.6% at 1 year.

Comparison of Visual Field Progression Rates Among the High Tension Glaucoma, Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma, and Normal Tension Glaucoma.

Purpose: To compare the visual field (VF) progression among high tension glaucoma (HTG), primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), and normal tension glaucoma (NTG) subjects in routine clinical care.

Methods: All patients had ≥5 VF tests using HFA, 24-2, SITA-standard strategy. We compared the progression between glaucoma subtypes after matching the VFs for baseline severity (mean deviation [MD]) and the age at presentation.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Van Herick Technique to Detect Pre-Disease States of Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma in a Resource Constraint Region.

Objectives: To critically evaluate diagnostic accuracy of the van Herick (vH) technique in detection of gonioscopically occludable angle in a rural population and to explore ways to improve accuracy of the technique Methods: The study cohort was formed by two-stage cluster random sampling. Peripheral anterior chamber depth grading was performed, using both traditional and modified (photographic comparison) vH techniques, under dark adapted and standard lighting conditions by a comprehensive ophthalmologist masked to the clinical features. The cut-off criterion for vH test was 25% of peripheral corneal thickness.

Prevalence of Primary Glaucoma as Diagnosed by Study Optometrists of L. V. Prasad eye Institute - Glaucoma Epidemiology and Molecular Genetics Study.

Purpose: To report the prevalence of primary glaucoma as identified by study optometrists of the L. V. Prasad Eye Institute - Glaucoma Epidemiology and Molecular Genetics Study (LVPEI-GLEAMS).

Is Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Consistent in Performance?

Purpose: To investigate the mechanism of action and consistency in flow characteristics of the Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) under simulated physiological conditions in-vitro and to evaluate whether resistance during priming has any effect on performance of the device.

Methods: Each newly opened AGV device was connected to a digital manometer and was primed with normal saline. The device was then placed in a saline bath and connected to an open manometer, a digital manometer, and an infusion pump.

Comparison of Scleral Tono-Pen Intraocular Pressure Measurements with Goldmann Applanation Tonometry.

Significance: Measuring the intraocular pressure (IOP) on the sclera can be an alternative to conventional corneal measurement in eyes with scarred corneas. However, these measurements have to be evaluated prior in normal eyes. Our study aimed to evaluate scleral IOP using Tono-Pen and compared it with corneal Goldmann applanation measurements.

Outcomes of Bleb Repair for Delayed Bleb Leaks and Sweating Blebs.

Purpose: To report the outcomes of bleb repair for delayed onset leaking blebs and sweating blebs following glaucoma filtering surgery.

Materials And Methods: Medical records of 76 eyes of 76 subjects that underwent bleb repair for either leaking bleb or sweating bleb between 1990 and 2015 were reviewed. Complete success was resolution of bleb leak and or hypotony with intraocular pressure ≥5 and ≤21 mm Hg with no antiglaucoma medication.

Outcomes of lensectomy and risk factors for failure in spherophakic eyes with secondary glaucoma.

Purpose: To report the outcomes of lensectomy in spherophakic eyes with subluxated or dislocated crystalline lenses and secondary glaucoma.

Methods: Lensectomy was performed in 52 eyes, 36 eyes with lens subluxation and 16 eyes with lens dislocation with secondary glaucoma from 1991 to 2016. Glaucoma was diagnosed based on intraocular pressure (IOP) ≥22 mm Hg and/or glaucomatous optic disc damage.

Optic nerve head parameters of high-definition optical coherence tomography and Heidelberg retina tomogram in perimetric and preperimetric glaucoma.

Background: Heidelberg retina tomogram (HRT) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are two widely used imaging modalities to evaluate the optic nerve head (ONH) in glaucoma.

Purpose: To compare the ONH parameters of HRT3 and high-definition OCT (HD-OCT) and evaluate their diagnostic abilities in perimetric and preperimetric glaucoma.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis.

Outcomes of Ahmed valve implant following a failed initial trabeculotomy and trabeculectomy in refractory primary congenital glaucoma.

Purpose: The aim was to report the outcome of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) (New World Medical, Inc., Rancho Cucamonga, CA, USA) implantation as a surgical intervention following an initial failed combined trabeculotomy + trabeculectomy (trab + trab) in refractory primary congenital glaucoma (RPCG).

Materials And Methods: Retrospective chart review of 11 eyes of 8 patients who underwent implantation of AGV (model FP8) for RPCG between 2009 and 2011.

Rectifying calibration error of Goldmann applanation tonometer is easy!

Purpose: Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) is the current Gold standard tonometer. However, its calibration error is common and can go unnoticed in clinics. Its company repair has limitations.

LV Prasad Eye Institute Glaucoma Epidemiology and Molecular Genetic Study (LVPEI- GLEAMS). Report 1: study design and research methodology.

Purpose: In the developing world, more than 90% of glaucoma is undetected due to the lack of appropriate screening methods. The LV Prasad Eye Institute Glaucoma Epidemiology and Molecular Genetic Study (LVPEI-GLEAMS) is a population-based study which aims to estimate the prevalence of, along with clinical, systemic and genetic risk factors for glaucoma in a rural population sampled from the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. The study aims to develop community screening strategies to diagnose glaucoma.

Comparison of outcomes of trabeculectomy with mitomycin C vs. ologen implant in primary glaucoma.

Purpose: To compare the safety and efficacy of trabeculectomy with Ologen implant vs. trabeculectomy with Mitomycin C (MMC).

Materials And Methods: In a prospective, randomized, pilot study, 39 eyes of 33 subjects with medically uncontrolled primary glaucoma, aged 18 years or above underwent trabeculectomy either with MMC (20 eyes) or with Ologen implant (19 eyes).

Evaluation of central corneal thickness measurement with RTVue spectral domain optical coherence tomography in normal subjects.

Purpose: To determine (1) repeatability of central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (RTVue; Optovue, Inc, Fremont, CA) and (2) agreement between CCT measurements by RTVue and those by ultrasonic pachymetry, Orbscan, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT).

Methods: In a prospective observational study, 2 cohorts of normal subjects were recruited. In the first cohort (51 subjects), 5 measurements of CCT were obtained by RTVue during the same visit to determine the repeatability.