Obesity hypertension: pathophysiological role of leptin in neuroendocrine dysregulation.

Leptin is a 16-kDa peptide hormone that is primarily synthesized and secreted by adipose tissue. One of the major actions of this hormone is the control of energy balance by binding to receptors in the hypothalamus, leading to reduction in food intake, elevation in temperature and energy expenditure. In addition, increasing evidence suggests that leptin, through both direct and indirect mechanisms, may play an important role in cardiovascular and renal regulation.

Obesity hypertension: the regulatory role of leptin.

Leptin is a 16-kDa-peptide hormone that is primarily synthesized and secreted by adipose tissue. One of the major actions of this hormone is the control of energy balance by binding to receptors in the hypothalamus, leading to reduction in food intake and elevation in temperature and energy expenditure. In addition, increasing evidence suggests that leptin, through both direct and indirect mechanisms, may play an important role in cardiovascular and renal regulation.

Obesity hypertension: the emerging role of leptin in renal and cardiovascular dyshomeostasis.

Purpose Of Review: Adipose tissue is now considered to be an active physiologic system operating in concert with multiple other organs. Leptin is a peptide hormone that is primarily synthesized and secreted by adipose tissue whose principal action is the control of appetite and energy balance. However, current information suggests that leptin exerts pleiotropic effects on several organ systems.

Leptin: linking obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease.

The incidence and prevalence of obesity and the metabolic syndrome have risen markedly in the past decade, representing a serious cardiovascular health hazard with significant morbidity and mortality. The etiology of the metabolic syndrome and its various pathogenic mechanisms are incompletely defined and under intense investigation. Contemporary research suggests that the adipocyte-derived hormone leptin may be an important factor linking obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disorders.

Obesity-hypertension: emerging concepts in pathophysiology and treatment.

The incidence and prevalence of obesity has risen markedly in the last decade, and this epidemic represents a serious health hazard with significant morbidity and mortality. Although hypertension is recognized as one of the most serious consequences of obesity, its pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. Contemporary research suggests that the recently discovered hormone leptin may represent a common link between these 2 pathologic conditions.

Leptin blockade attenuates sodium excretion in saline-loaded normotensive rats.

Previous investigations in normotensive animals have demonstrated a marked natriuretic and diuretic response following the acute administration of supraphysiologic doses of synthetic leptin. However, the importance of endogenous leptin in the regulation of renal sodium and water balance is not yet defined. This study examined the hemodynamic and renal excretory effects of circulating leptin blockade with a specific polyclonal antibody in groups of normotensive, chronically saline-loaded Sprague-Dawley rats.

Leptin as a common link to obesity and hypertension.

Leptin is a recently isolated circulating peptide hormone that is primarily synthesized and secreted by adipocytes. One of the major functions of this hormone is the control of energy balance by binding to receptors in the hypothalamus, leading to reduction in food intake, elevation in temperature and energy expenditure. In addition, increasing evidence suggests that leptin, through both direct and indirect actions, may play an important role in cardiovascular and renal functions.

Leptin as a common link to obesity and hypertension.

Leptin is a recently isolated circulating peptide hormone that is primarily synthesized and secreted by adipocytes. One of the major functions of this hormone is the control of energy balance by binding to receptors in the hypothalamus, leading to reduction in food intake, elevation in temperature and energy expenditure. In addition, increasing evidence suggests that leptin, through both direct and indirect actions, may play an important role in cardiovascular and renal functions.

Effects of chronic nitric oxide inhibition on the renal excretory response to leptin.

Objective: Previous investigations have demonstrated that leptin promotes natriuresis with a renal tubular effect. However, the mechanisms involved in this response are unclear. The present study was designed to examine the hypothesis that the natriuretic response to leptin in normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats is regulated by nitric oxide (NO).

Air-bubble method of locking central-vein catheters for prevention of hub colonization: a pilot study.

Background: The major source of catheter-associated bacteremia is contamination of the catheter hub during connection-disconnection procedures. A new method of catheter locking has been developed wherein anticoagulant is injected first, followed by a 0.1-mL air bubble and 0.

Role of leptin in the regulation of body fluid volume and pressures.

Leptin is a circulating polypeptide hormone produced by an adipocyte-specific gene. It regulates energy balance by binding to receptors in the hypothalamus, leading to alterations in food intake, temperature, and energy expenditure. More recent pharmacologic information suggests that this circulating hormone may play an important role in the regulation of body fluid volume and pressures through direct and indirect actions.

Natriuretic peptides and salt sensitivity: endocrine cardiorenal integration in heart failure.

Mammalian hearts contain a family of peptides with potent natriuretic, diuretic, and vasorelaxant actions. In addition to atrial natruretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide, recent studies in humans and animals have suggested that the N-terminal ANP prohormone fragment 31-67 may represent another adaptive mechanism to achieve body fluid homeostasis. Furthermore, these investigations have also suggested that via different mechanisms of action on target organisms, the C-terminal hormone ANP 99-126 and pro-ANP 31-67 may coordinate and contribute to the regulation of hemodynamic and renal function in pathophysiologic situations, such as heart failure.