Comparing adolescent glomerular disease clinical outcomes to the clinical outcomes in childhood, young adult, and adult-onset glomerular disease in the CureGN database.

Background: There is a lack of evidence to suggest that outcomes of adolescent and adult-onset glomerular disease differ. Still, most glomerular disease trials include adults but exclude adolescents.

Methods: We designed a retrospective study using the CureGN database to compare individuals with adolescent-onset glomerular disease relative to individuals with older and younger age at onset.

Association of Preterm Birth with Adverse Glomerular Disease Outcomes in Children and Adults.

Key Points: Preterm birth was a risk factor for adverse outcomes in this heterogeneous cohort of children and adults with glomerular disease. In analyses adjusted for diagnosis and apolipoprotein L1 risk status, there was less remission and faster progression of kidney disease in those born preterm. A novel finding from this study is that adults born preterm were more likely to have an apolipoprotein L1 high-risk genotype.

Local Food System Approaches to Address Food and Nutrition Security among Low-Income Populations: A Systematic Review.

Food and nutrition insecurity disproportionately impact low-income households in the United States, contributing to higher rates of chronic diseases among this population. Addressing this challenge is complex because of various factors affecting the availability and accessibility of nutritious food. Short value chain (SVC) models, informally known as local food systems, offer a systemic approach that aims to optimize resources and align values throughout and beyond the food supply chain.

Virtual Staff Training to Support Communication for Older Adults With Untreated Hearing Loss in Care Settings.

Purpose: The current quasi-experimental study aimed to develop and evaluate a virtual staff training on age-related hearing loss at a care organization for older adults.

Method: Training included the use of affordable headset amplifiers and a hands-on activity in which hearing loss was simulated. Staff were encouraged to offer amplifiers to assist in communication given the high prevalence of untreated hearing loss among older adults and the increased communication difficulty that results from mask-wearing.

Characterizing Cardiac Function in ICU Survivors of Sepsis: A Pilot Study Protocol.

Background: Sepsis is one of the most common reasons for ICU admission and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. More than one-half of survivors experience significant physical, psychological, or cognitive impairments, often termed post-intensive care syndrome (PICS). Sepsis is recognized increasingly as being associated with a risk of adverse cardiovascular events that is comparable with other major cardiovascular risk factors.

Association between inflammation and post-intensive care syndrome: a systematic review.

Post-intensive care syndrome describes the physical, cognitive and emotional symptoms which persist following critical illness. At present there is limited understanding of the pathological mechanisms contributing to the development of post-intensive care syndrome. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesise current evidence exploring the association between inflammation and features of post-intensive care syndrome in survivors of critical illness.

Potential uses of auditory nerve stimulation to modulate immune responses in the inner ear and auditory brainstem.

Bioelectronic medicine uses electrical stimulation of the nervous system to improve health outcomes throughout the body primarily by regulating immune responses. This concept, however, has yet to be applied systematically to the auditory system. There is growing interest in how cochlear damage and associated neuroinflammation may contribute to hearing loss.

Cardiac dysfunction in survivors of sepsis: a scoping review.

Background: Sepsis is associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events in a magnitude comparable to other major cardiovascular risk factors. Sepsis is one of the most common reasons for intensive care admission and survivors often have significant functional limitations following discharge. However, it is not clear to what extent chronic cardiovascular dysfunction might mediate these functional impairments, or how we might screen and manage these patients at risk of chronic cardiovascular disease.

A narrative review of clinic-community food provision interventions aimed at improving diabetes outcomes among food-insecure adults: examining the role of nutrition education.

Background: Food provision interventions (eg, produce/food prescriptions, food pharmacies, food voucher programs) that bridge clinic and community settings for improved nutritional health outcomes of at-risk patients have gained momentum. Little is known about the role of nutrition education and potential augmented impact on patient outcomes.

Objective: To describe intervention designs and outcomes of direct food provision clinic-community programs aimed at improving diabetes-related outcomes (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] levels) among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) or prediabetes and food insecurity, and to compare nutrition education components across interventions.

Fast and accurate prediction of material properties with three-body tight-binding model for the periodic table.

Parametrized tight-binding models fit to first-principles calculations can provide an efficient and accurate quantum mechanical method for predicting properties of molecules and solids. However, well-tested parameter sets are generally only available for a limited number of atom combinations, making routine use of this method difficult. Furthermore, many previous models consider only simple two-body interactions, which limits accuracy.

Cerebral revascularization surgery reduces cerebrovascular events in children with sickle cell disease and moyamoya syndrome: Results of the stroke in sickle cell revascularization surgery retrospective study.

Background: Recent studies suggest that cerebral revascularization surgery may be a safe and effective therapy to reduce stroke risk in patients with sickle cell disease and moyamoya syndrome (SCD-MMS).

Methods: We performed a multicenter, retrospective study of children with SCD-MMS treated with conservative management alone (conservative group)-chronic blood transfusion and/or hydroxyurea-versus conservative management plus surgical revascularization (surgery group). We monitored cerebrovascular event (CVE) rates-a composite of strokes and transient ischemic attacks.

High-Throughput DFT-Based Discovery of Next Generation Two-Dimensional (2D) Superconductors.

High-throughput density functional theory (DFT) calculations allow for a systematic search for conventional superconductors. With the recent interest in two-dimensional (2D) superconductors, we used a high-throughput workflow to screen over 1000 2D materials in the JARVIS-DFT database and performed electron-phonon coupling calculations, using the McMillan-Allen-Dynes formula to calculate the superconducting transition temperature () for 165 of them. Of these 165 materials, we identify 34 dynamically stable structures with transition temperatures above 5 K, including materials such as WN, NbO, ZrBrO, TiClO, NaSnS, MgBC, and the previously unreported MgBN ( = 21.

Opioid Use Disorder Treatments: An Evidence Map.

Background: Evidence maps are emerging data visualization of a systematic review. There are no published evidence maps summarizing opioid use disorder (OUD) interventions.

Aim: Our aim was to publish an interactive summary of all peer-reviewed interventional and observational trials assessing the treatment of OUD and common clinical outcomes.

Combined Neuroendoscopic Techniques in the Management of Pediatric Brain and Skull Base Tumors: A Single-Institutional Case Series.

Background: Central nervous system tumors encompass the leading cause of cancer-related death in the pediatric population. Neuroendoscopic techniques have been optimized over the years, becoming an important tool for the management of brain tumors. Our study aims to review the indications for neuroendoscopic procedures and the feasibility of combined interventions.

Magnon-phonon hybridization in 2D antiferromagnet MnPSe.

Magnetic excitations in van der Waals (vdW) materials, especially in the two-dimensional (2D) limit, are an exciting research topic from both the fundamental and applied perspectives. Using temperature-dependent, magneto-Raman spectroscopy, we identify the hybridization of two-magnon excitations with two phonons in manganese phosphorus triselenide (MnPSe), a magnetic vdW material that hosts in-plane antiferromagnetism. Results from first-principles calculations of the phonon and magnon spectra further support our identification.

Fatigue and functional outcomes in cancer rehabilitation.

Purpose: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most common symptoms experienced by oncology patients, though its impact on functional outcomes during inpatient rehabilitation is relatively unknown. The purpose of this study is to determine whether CRF severity on admission is related to functional gains following standard rehabilitation care in an inpatient oncology rehabilitation population.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted within an inpatient oncology unit at a long-term acute care hospital.

Database of Wannier tight-binding Hamiltonians using high-throughput density functional theory.

Wannier tight-binding Hamiltonians (WTBH) provide a computationally efficient way to predict electronic properties of materials. In this work, we develop a computational workflow for high-throughput Wannierization of density functional theory (DFT) based electronic band structure calculations. We apply this workflow to 1771 materials (1406 3D and 365 2D), and we create a database with the resulting WTBHs.

Computational scanning tunneling microscope image database.

We introduce the systematic database of scanning tunneling microscope (STM) images obtained using density functional theory (DFT) for two-dimensional (2D) materials, calculated using the Tersoff-Hamann method. It currently contains data for 716 exfoliable 2D materials. Examples of the five possible Bravais lattice types for 2D materials and their Fourier-transforms are discussed.