Transinfection of Wolbachia wAlbB into Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes does not alter vector competence for Hawaiian avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum GRW4).

Avian malaria is expanding upslope with warmer temperatures and driving multiple species of Hawaiian birds towards extinction. Methods to reduce malaria transmission are urgently needed to prevent further declines. Releasing Wolbachia-infected incompatible male mosquitoes could suppress mosquito populations and releasing Wolbachia-infected female mosquitoes (or both sexes) could reduce pathogen transmission if the Wolbachia strain reduced vector competence.

Microbes and microplastics: Community shifts along an urban coastal contaminant gradient.

Plastic substrates introduced to the environment during the Anthropocene have introduced new pathways for microbial selection and dispersal. Some plastic-colonising microorganisms have adapted phenotypes for plastic degradation (selection), while the spatial transport (dispersal) potential of plastic colonisers remains controlled by polymer-specific density, hydrography and currents. Plastic-degrading enzyme abundances have recently been correlated with concentrations of plastic debris in open ocean environments, making it critical to better understand colonisation of hydrocarbon degraders with plastic degradation potential in urbanised watersheds where plastic pollution often originates.

Atrial Fibrillation as a Rare Complication of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C): A Case Report.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is known to represent a hyperinflammatory state with multi-organ involvement. Many cardiac manifestations of MIS-C have been described in the literature, including myopericarditis, congestive heart failure, and arrhythmias. We present a 17-year-old male who initially presented in shock with multi-organ failure and met the diagnostic criteria for MIS-C to develop atrial fibrillation later.

Integrative genetic and genomic networks identify microRNA associated with COPD and ILD.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) are clinically and molecularly heterogeneous diseases. We utilized clustering and integrative network analyses to elucidate roles for microRNAs (miRNAs) and miRNA isoforms (isomiRs) in COPD and ILD pathogenesis. Short RNA sequencing was performed on 351 lung tissue samples of COPD (n = 145), ILD (n = 144) and controls (n = 64).

Altered Knee Loading Following Primary ACL Repair versus ACL Reconstruction.

Background: ACL repair (ACL-r) has recently gained renewed clinical interest for treatment of ACL tears. ACL-r has several potential benefits over ACL reconstruction (ACL-R) including maintaining the native ACL innervation and blood supply, no graft site morbidity, and possible improved knee biomechanics and decrease in osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to assess for differences in metrics of knee joint loading during a single limb squat task between individuals following a primary ACL-r versus those who underwent a standard ACL-R with a patella bone-tendon-bone autograft.

Jaw Surgery Workshop: Patient Preparation for Orthognathic Surgery.

Background: Patients undergoing orthognathic surgery may have limited information surrounding surgery. This leads to less satisfaction with surgical outcomes, anxiety surrounding surgery and difficulty following perioperative instructions.

Solution: Providing a multi-disciplinary pre-operative educational experience for patients and caregivers improves surgical readiness and satisfaction.

Adapting Simulation Education During a Pandemic.

Nursing education faced unprecedented challenges in maintaining quality clinical and simulation instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic. Strategies to maintain clinical engagement and meet course objectives included using virtual simulation and safely reopening simulation laboratories as soon as it was possible. When using virtual experiences for replacement of clinical or simulation, it is critical that standards of best practice are implemented.

Improving Patient Safety and Quality in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Through Participation in the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Continuing Certification Program.

The American Board of Medical Specialties Continuing Certification Program's Improvement in Medical Practice Standard requires physicians to participate in practice improvement activities. Despite this universal requirement, there has been no assessment of this requirement or its potential impact on patient care. Because of its continuing certification oversight structure, the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation is in a unique position to provide this assessment.

Using automation to manage donor engagement and fine-tune supply and demand during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: COVID-19 disrupted blood center operations starting March 2020 and continues to affect donor presentation and blood availability today. The industry mobilized significant resources to collect COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) to treat COVID-19 patients. At the same time, blood centers continued to collect platelets, plasma, and red blood cells (RBCs) to meet the needs of non-COVID-19 patients.

Differential effects of modified batrachotoxins on voltage-gated sodium channel fast and slow inactivation.

Voltage-gated sodium channels (Nas) are targets for a number of acute poisons. Many of these agents act as allosteric modulators of channel activity and serve as powerful chemical tools for understanding channel function. Herein, we detail studies with batrachotoxin (BTX), a potent steroidal amine, and three ester derivatives prepared through de novo synthesis against recombinant Na subtypes (rNa1.

Movement Patterns During a Jump-Landing Task in Athletes After Sport-Related Concussion and Healthy Control Individuals.

Context: A relationship between a history of sport-related concussion (SRC) and lower extremity injury has been well established in the literature.

Objective: To determine if biomechanical differences existed during a double-limb jump landing between athletes who had been released to return to play after SRC and healthy matched control individuals.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Evidence that toxin resistance in poison birds and frogs is not rooted in sodium channel mutations and may rely on "toxin sponge" proteins.

Many poisonous organisms carry small-molecule toxins that alter voltage-gated sodium channel (NaV) function. Among these, batrachotoxin (BTX) from Pitohui poison birds and Phyllobates poison frogs stands out because of its lethality and unusual effects on NaV function. How these toxin-bearing organisms avoid autointoxication remains poorly understood.

Interrater Reliability in the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Part II Certification Examination: Impact of a New Assessment Design.

Objective: The design of medical board certification examinations continues to evolve with advances in testing innovations and psychometric analysis. The potential for subjectivity is inherent in the design of oral board examinations, making improvements in reliability and validity especially important. The purpose of this quality improvement study was to analyze the impact of using two examiners on the overall reliability of the oral certification examination in physical medicine and rehabilitation.

Using a New Model of Electronic Health Record Training to Reduce Physician Burnout: A Plan for Action.

Physician burnout in the United States has been growing at an alarming rate, and health care organizations are beginning to invest significant resources in combating this phenomenon. Although the causes for burnout are multifactorial, a key issue that affects physicians is that they spend a significant proportion of their time interacting with their electronic health record (EHR) system, primarily because of the need to sift through increasing amounts of patient data, coupled with a significant documentation burden. This has led to physicians spending increasing amounts of time with the EHR outside working hours trying to catch up on paperwork ("pajama time"), which is a factor linked to burnout.

Twelve-Week Quadriceps Strength as A Predictor of Quadriceps Strength At Time Of Return To Sport Testing Following Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Autograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Background: Restoration of quadriceps strength following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) continues to challenge both patients and clinicians. Failure to adequately restore quadriceps strength has been linked to decreased patients' self-reported outcomes and an increased risk for re-injury. Early identification of quadriceps strength deficits may assist in tailoring early interventions to better address impairments.

Depression and Anxiety Management in Parkinson Disease.

BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety are common but underrecognized and undertreated nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD) due to their diagnostic criteria overlapping with other PD symptoms, limited randomized controlled studies in this specific population, and the need for multidisciplinary expertise. The purpose of this article is to offer evidence-based solutions for managing comorbid depression and anxiety in patients with PD through a case study analysis. CASE STUDY: A case study is used to illustrate the somatic manifestations of anxiety in PD that leads to diagnostic challenge and multidisciplinary management.

Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation Protocol Associated with a Decrease in Complications.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in pediatrics has rapidly progressed in recent years; however, there continues to be considerable variation in anticoagulation practices. In 2016, we implemented a standardized anticoagulation protocol in effort to reduce clotting and bleeding complications. A single-center retrospective analysis of pediatric patients requiring ECMO between 2014 and 2018 was performed.

Fibronectin fibril alignment is established upon initiation of extracellular matrix assembly.

The physical structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is tissue-specific and fundamental to normal tissue function. Proper alignment of ECM fibers is essential for the functioning of a variety of tissues. While matrix assembly in general has been intensively investigated, little is known about the mechanisms required for formation of aligned ECM fibrils.

Introducing a "core steel microbiome" and community functional analysis associated with microbially influenced corrosion.

Microorganisms attached to aquatic steel structures play key roles in nutrient cycling and structural degradation processes. Corrosion-causing microbes are often the focus of studies involving microbially influenced corrosion, yet the roles of remaining community members remain unclear. This study characterizes the composition and functional potential of a 'core steel microbiome' across stainless steel types (304 and 316) and historic shipwreck steel along salinity gradients in North Carolina estuaries.

Role of Theophylline in Management of Bradycardia Secondary to High Cervical Spinal Cord Injury in a Seven-Year-Old Child: Case Report and a Review of Literature.

High-level cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) frequently leads to the development of severe sinus bradycardia and asystole. Conventionally, owing to their chronotropic effects, medical management has largely relied on the use of atropine and/or infusion of pressors such as epinephrine or dopamine as the first-line treatment. However, for severe symptomatic events refractory to medical therapy, cardiac pacemaker implantation may be required.

A Shallow Water Ferrous-Hulled Shipwreck Reveals a Distinct Microbial Community.

Shipwrecks act as artificial reefs and provide a solid surface in aquatic systems for many different forms of life to attach to, especially microbial communities, making them a hotspot of biogeochemical cycling. Depending on the microbial community and surrounding environment, they may either contribute to the wreck's preservation or deterioration. Even within a single wreck, preservation and deterioration processes may vary, suggesting that the microbial community may also vary.

Effects of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on patellofemoral joint stress and lower extremity biomechanics at 12 weeks post-surgery and at time of return to sport in adolescent females.

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine kinematic and kinetic differences associated with patellofemoral pain after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction between limbs at 12-week post-surgery and at time of return to sport.

Method: Twenty-four adolescent females completed 5 consecutive single leg squats on each limb at 12-weeks post-surgery and again during their RTS assessment. Peak knee extension moment, peak hip adduction angle, and patellofemoral joint stress at 45 degrees of knee flexion were calculated.

Thigh-Muscle and Patient-Reported Function Early After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Clinical Cutoffs Unique to Graft Type and Age.

Context: Patient-reported function is an important outcome in anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation. Identifying which metrics of thigh-muscle function are indicators of normal patient-reported function can help guide treatment.

Objective: To identify which metrics of thigh-muscle function discriminate between patients who meet and patients who fail to meet age- and sex-matched normative values for patient-reported knee function in the first 9 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and establish cutoffs for these metrics by covariate subgroups.