Analysis of the immune transcriptome of the invasive pest spotted wing drosophila infected by .

is a pest of global concern due to its great impact on several crops. The entomopathogenic nematode was highly virulent to the larvae of the fly although some immune mechanisms were triggered along the infection course. Thus, to understand the gene activation profile we performed a comparative transcriptome of larvae infected with and to map the differentially expressed genes involved in the defence response.

Biocontrol potential of six strains isolated in the Azores Archipelago.

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are closely associated with and potentially used as their biological control agents, although field results proved inconsistent and evoked a continual pursuit of native EPNs more adapted to the environment. Therefore, we surveyed the Azorean Archipelago to isolate new strains of and to evaluate their virulence against the model organism under laboratory conditions. Six strains were obtained from pasture and coastal environments and both nematode and symbiont bacteria were molecularly identified.

Exploring Gut Microbiome Variations between Populations of Azores.

(: ), is an emerging invasive pest in Europe and America. In the Azores, this pest was first found on Terceira Island during the sixties and soon spread to other islands. The rate of infestation differs between islands, and we hypothesized that microbiome composition could play a role.

Forest bathing and hiking benefits for mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mediterranean regions.

Forest bathing (FB) has evidenced positive effects on individuals' mental health and well-being, but its benefits have mainly been studied in Asian biomes. The present study aimed to evaluate whether its benefits are also generalisable to other forests and biomes of the world, such as the Mediterranean. Eighty-six healthy adults of the general population were assessed before and after a FB near Barcelona (Spain) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Phenotypic diversity and distinctiveness of the Belltall garlic landrace.

Among the Mediterranean horticultural landraces, garlic is one of the crops most threatened by genetic erosion. Due to its sexual sterility and to the incidence of seed-borne diseases, historical varieties have been widely replaced by commercial cultivars. In Catalonia, despite the historical relevance of the crop, solely the Belltall garlic landrace is cultivated for commercial purposes.

The modulation effect of the Steinernema carpocapsae - Xenorhabdus nematophila complex on immune-related genes in Drosophila suzukii larvae.

Larvae of the invasive pest Drosophila suzukii are susceptible to the Steinernema carpocapsae - Xenorhabdus nematophila complex and an assessment of the immune-regulatory system activation in this insect was performed to understand the response to the nematode infection. The expressions of 14 immune-related genes of different pathways (Imd, Toll, Jak-STAT, ProPO, JNK, TGF-β) were analyzed using qRT-PCR to determine variations after nematode penetration (90 min and 4 h) and after bacterial release (14 h). Before the bacteria were present, the nematodes were not recognized by the immune system of the larvae and practically none of the analyzed pathways presented variations when compared with the non-infected larvae.

Impact of Seasonality on Physical Activity: A Systematic Review.

Background: The purpose of this study was to collect and analyze the available scientific evidence of the impact of seasonality on physical activity (PA). PA refers to walking, biking, sports and/or active recreation.

Methods: The search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane and Embase.

Immune Response of Larvae to Infection with the Nematobacterial Complex .

Entomopathogenic nematodes have been proposed as biological agents for the control of , an invasive pest of small-stone and soft-skinned fruits. Larvae of the fly are susceptible to infection but the reaction of immune defenses of the host are unknown. To determine the immune response, larvae were infected with and to evaluate the effector mechanisms of both humoral and cellular processes.

Psychological Intervention in Primary Care After Earthquakes in Lorca, Spain.

Objective: After the earthquakes that occurred in Lorca, Spain, on May 11, 2011, the regional mental health management employed 2 clinical psychologists for 6 months to provide care to people referred by primary care physicians. The objective was to address the expected increased demand for treatment of mental disorders, notably posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and adjustment disorders.

Method: Referred individuals were evaluated and treated according to a clinical protocol designed ad hoc from June 12, 2011, to November 30, 2011.

Cultural adaptation of the Latin American version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO-CIDI) (v 3.0) for use in Spain.

Objective: To develop a Spanish version of the WHO-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO-CIDI) applicable to Spain, through cultural adaptation of its most recent Latin American (LA v 20.0) version.

Methods: A 1-week training course on the WHO-CIDI was provided by certified trainers.

Negative fluctuation-dissipation ratios in the backgammon model.

We analyze fluctuation-dissipation relations in the backgammon model: a system that displays glassy behavior at zero temperature due to the existence of entropy barriers. We study local and global fluctuation relations for the different observables in the model. For the case of a global perturbation we find a unique negative fluctuation-dissipation ratio that is independent of the observable and which diverges linearly with the waiting time.

Universality of fluctuation-dissipation ratios: the ferromagnetic model.

We calculate analytically the fluctuation-dissipation ratio (FDR) for Ising ferromagnets quenched to criticality, both for the long-range model and its short-range analog in the limit of large dimension. Our exact solution shows that, for both models, if the system is unmagnetized while if the initial magnetization is nonzero. This indicates that two different classes of critical coarsening dynamics need to be distinguished depending on the initial conditions, each with its own nontrivial FDR.

Mode-dependent nonequilibrium temperature in aging systems.

We introduce an exactly solvable model for glassy dynamics with many relaxational modes, each one characterized by a different relaxational time scale. Analytical solution of the aging dynamics at low temperatures shows that a nonequilibrium or effective temperature can be associated to each time scale or mode. The spectrum of effective temperatures shows two regions that are separated by an age-dependent boundary threshold.