Clonal dynamics of alloreactive T cells in kidney allograft rejection after anti-PD-1 therapy.

Kidney transplant recipients are at particular risk for developing tumors, many of which are now routinely treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs); however, ICI therapy can precipitate transplant rejection. Here, we use TCR sequencing to identify and track alloreactive T cells in a patient with melanoma who experienced kidney transplant rejection following PD-1 inhibition. The treatment was associated with a sharp increase in circulating alloreactive CD8 T cell clones, which display a unique transcriptomic signature and were also detected in the rejected kidney but not at tumor sites.

Best Practices to Promote Data Utility and Reuse by the Non-Traditional Model Organism Community.

The dramatic increase in accessibility to sequencing technologies has opened new avenues into studying different processes, cells, and animal models. In the amphibian models used for regeneration research, these new datasets have uncovered a variety of information about what genes define the regenerating limb as well as how genes and cells change over the course of regeneration. The accumulation of data from these studies undoubtedly increases our understanding of regeneration.

Single-cell transcriptomics reveals distinct effector profiles of infiltrating T cells in lupus skin and kidney.

Cutaneous lupus is commonly present in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). T cells have been strongly suspected to contribute to the pathology of cutaneous lupus; however, our understanding of the relevant T cell phenotypes and functions remains incomplete. Here, we present a detailed single-cell RNA-Seq profile of T and NK cell populations present within lesional and nonlesional skin biopsies of patients with cutaneous lupus.

Unbiased Screens Show CD8 T Cells of COVID-19 Patients Recognize Shared Epitopes in SARS-CoV-2 that Largely Reside outside the Spike Protein.

Developing effective strategies to prevent or treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requires understanding the natural immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We used an unbiased, genome-wide screening technology to determine the precise peptide sequences in SARS-CoV-2 that are recognized by the memory CD8 T cells of COVID-19 patients. In total, we identified 3-8 epitopes for each of the 6 most prevalent human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types.

Development: How Tadpoles ROC Tail Regeneration.

Specialized epidermal cells are essential for the complex tissue regeneration required to replace tails and limbs, but their exact identities and molecular roles remain murky. Recent work in Xenopus has identified an epidermal cell population critical for tail regeneration, providing intriguing new directions for the field.

Transcriptomic landscape of the blastema niche in regenerating adult axolotl limbs at single-cell resolution.

Regeneration of complex multi-tissue structures, such as limbs, requires the coordinated effort of multiple cell types. In axolotl limb regeneration, the wound epidermis and blastema have been extensively studied via histology, grafting, and bulk-tissue RNA-sequencing. However, defining the contributions of these tissues is hindered due to limited information regarding the molecular identity of the cell types in regenerating limbs.

Histone H3K27 Trimethylation Modulates 5-Fluorouracil Resistance by Inhibiting PU.1 Binding to the DPYD Promoter.

The antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is one of the most widely used chemotherapy drugs. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is a major determinant of 5-FU response and toxicity. Although DPYD variants may affect 5-FU metabolism, they do not completely explain the reported variability in DPD function or the resultant differences in treatment response.