Recommendations for Low-Grade Carotid Stenosis Follow-up Based on a Single-Institution Database.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidences and rates of progression of varying degrees of carotid stenosis that do not require intervention according to the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study, the European Carotid Surgery Trial, and the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial, and from this information, to provide evidence-based recommendations for follow-up imaging.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all carotid ultrasound examinations performed at a single institution from January 1995 through April 2015. Examinations following endarterectomy or stenting were excluded.

Computed-tomography-based anatomical study to assess feasibility of pedicle screw placement in the lumbar and lower thoracic pediatric spine.

Purpose: The anatomy of the pedicle is complex and three-dimensional; however, there are basic dimensions important for possible screw placement. There are relatively few studies examining the pedicle anatomy in children. This study was performed to evaluate the feasibility of pedicle screw placement in children aged 5-16, based on key anatomic dimensions.