Formation of a temporary gastrostomy to aid delivery of gastric trichobezoar and decrease incidence of wound infection.

Trichobezoars are relatively uncommon problems with a known female predominance. We report two female children with gastric bezoars. Main presenting symptoms were abdominal distension, weight loss and anaemia.

Disparities in the management of paediatric splenic injury.

Background: The non-operative management of splenic injury in children is recommended widely, and is possible in over 95 per cent of episodes. Practice appears to vary between centres.

Methods: The Trauma Audit and Research Network (TARN) database was interrogated to determine the management of isolated paediatric splenic injuries in hospitals in England and Wales.

Risk-Based HIV Testing at Los Angeles County Men's Central Jail.

Incarcerated populations tend to be disproportionately affected by HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and men who have sex with men (MSM) are an especially high-risk subset of these populations. Despite the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's recommendations for universal HIV screening, a lack of resources and high inmate turnover make it difficult to implement such guidelines in jails. From September 2013 to May 2016, the Infection Control Unit of the Los Angeles County Jail used existing resources to implement a voluntary, risk-based HIV educational and screening program targeting MSM inmates during early incarceration.

Implementation of a hepatitis A/B vaccination program using an accelerated schedule among high-risk inmates, Los Angeles County Jail, 2007-2010.

Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend vaccination for men who have sex with men (MSM) and injection drug users against hepatitis A and B. This study is the first report of a hepatitis vaccination program in a United States jail with a combined vaccine using an accelerated schedule. Los Angeles County has the largest jail system in the nation and Men's Central Jail (MCJ) is the largest facility within that system.

Implementing opt-out programs at Los Angeles county jail: a gateway to novel research and interventions.

Routine opt-out screening and vaccination programs are effective methods for improving public health in correctional populations. Jail-based rapid testing for HIV, hepatitis B and C, tuberculosis, syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia can improve urban health by increasing diagnosis and linkage to care for infectious diseases. In addition, jail-based vaccination programs would significantly benefit community health and lower costs associated with tertiary level care.

A rare case of intrarenal teratoma in a 6-month-old male.

We report a rare case of an intrarenal teratoma in a 6-month-old male. Following biopsy, he was successfully managed with a primary nephrectomy. This patient presented as would a Wilms tumor.

Glutamine decreases inflammation in infant rat endotoxemia.

Glutamine may have benefits during neonatal sepsis, but its effects on systemic inflammation are unknown. Our aim was to determine whether glutamine affects inflammation in neonatal endotoxemia. Eleven-day rat pups were given intraperitoneal injections of saline (control; C), endotoxin (300 microg/g Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide) (E), saline with glutamine (2 mmol/g; G), or endotoxin with glutamine (EG).

Early experience of pediatric thoracoscopic lobectomy in the UK.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to report on the early experience of pediatric thoracoscopic lobectomy in two UK centers (Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, and Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge).

Methods: Twelve patients between February 2000 and November 2005 were treated with a lobectomy for pulmonary disease.

Results: Diagnoses included 7 congenital cystic adenomatous malformations, 4 patients with bronchiectasis, and 1 thoracic mature teratoma.

Evolution of couples' voluntary counseling and testing for HIV in Lusaka, Zambia.

Background: : We describe promotional strategies for couples' voluntary HIV counseling and testing (CVCT) and demographic risk factors for couples in Lusaka, Zambia, where an estimated two thirds of new infections occur in cohabiting couples.

Principal Findings: : CVCT attendance as a function of promotional strategies is described over a 6-year period. Cross-sectional analyses of risk factors associated with HIV in men, women, and couples are presented.

Severe jejunoileitis after placement of a feeding jejunostomy: a series of four cases and a review of the literature.

Feeding jejunostomy is a recognized method of managing feeding difficulties and failure to thrive in neurologically impaired children. There are, however, significant associated complications. The authors report 4 cases of the potentially fatal complication of severe jejunoileitis, which has not been reported previously in children.

Body temperature and heat production in suckling rat endotoxaemia: beneficial effects of glutamine.

Background/purpose: Sepsis is an important cause of neonatal mortality. The aim of the study was to investigate the metabolism of endotoxic neonatal rats and the potential beneficial effect of glutamine.

Methods: Suckling rats received intraperitoneal saline (control; C), endotoxin (300 microg/g LPS; E), saline+glutamine (2 mmol/g; CG), endotoxin+glutamine (EG), saline+leucine (2 mmol/g; CL) or endotoxin+leucine (EL).