4D-CT facilitates focused parathyroidectomy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism by maintaining a high negative-predictive value for uninvolved quadrants.

Introduction: Improved preoperative localization facilitates minimally invasive parathyroidectomy for removal of parathyroid lesions therefore preventing an invasive bilateral neck exploration. As 4D-CT has emerged, its high specificity has helped with preoperative parathyroid lesion localization. A high negative predictive value (NPV) would serve to further confirm parathyroid lesion localization and limit unnecessary surgical exploration.

How Does Smoking Change the Clinicopathological Characteristics of Human Papillomavirus-Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma? One Medical Center Experience.

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) are 2 distinct cancers, with HPV-positivity conferring a better prognosis. Smoking status is a complicating factor for both patient populations. There have been scattered literature that have reported on incomplete information regarding the profiles of their patient population.

The effect of human papillomavirus on DNA repair in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Much of the current literature regarding the molecular pathophysiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has focused on the virus's effect on cell cycle modulation and cell proliferation. A second mechanism of pathogenicity employed by HPV, dysregulation of cellular DNA repair processes, has been more sparsely studied. The purpose of this review is to describe current understanding about the effect of HPV on DNA repair in HNSCC, taking cues from cervical cancer literature.

Establishing a danger zone: An anatomic study of the lingual artery in base of tongue surgery.

Objectives/hypothesis: To contrast the changes in measurement of the hypoglossal/lingual artery neurovascular bundle (HLNVB) to constant surface landmarks in the base of tongue (BOT) during surgically simulated retraction versus resting anatomic position, and to identify a safe zone for BOT robotic surgery to avoid injury to the HLNVB.

Study Design: Human cadaver study.

Methods: Five fresh-frozen head and neck complexes were obtained, and seven HLNVBs were dissected.

The use of the anatomic 'zones' of the neck in the assessment of penetrating neck injury.

The traditional classification of neck injuries uses an anatomic description of Zones I through III. The objective of this article was to characterize the association between external wounds and the corresponding internal injuries after penetrating neck trauma to identify the clinical use of the anatomic zones of the neck. Patients who sustained penetrating neck trauma from December 2008 to March 2011 were analyzed.

Subtotal cholecystectomy and open total cholecystectomy: alternatives in complicated cholecystitis.

Subtotal cholecystectomy (SC) is an alternative to open total cholecystectomy (OTC) when variable anatomy or other intraoperative findings preclude safe dissection of Calot's triangle. The objective of this study was to compare the outcomes between SC and OTC in patients with complicated cholecystitis, cases that could not be completed with the original surgical approach and required intraoperative conversion to either SC or OTC. All cases of cholecystectomy converted to SC or OTC from January 2008 to December 2012 were retrospectively identified.

Can male vaccination reduce the burden of human papillomavirus-related disease in the United States?

Human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause cervical cancer, as well as a number of other diseases in both men and women. Both sexes play a role in transmission of the disease, but the cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccination differs between them. It is necessary to determine the best allocation of limited resources between these two populations to produce the most effective strategy for reducing the burden from HPV-related disease.