Latent Tuberculosis Infection Amongst Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: The Impact of Routine Pretransplant Review by a Transplant Infectious Diseases Physician.

Background: Identifying patients with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is challenging. This is particularly true amongst immunocompromised hosts, in whom the diagnostic accuracy of available tests is limited. The authors evaluated the impact of routine pretransplant review by a transplant infectious diseases (TID) physician on LTBI screening in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloHSCT) recipients.

Examining the association between habitual emotion regulation strategies and cardiovascular stress reactivity across three studies.

Poor emotion regulation is associated with cardiovascular disease risk, with altered cardiovascular responses to psychological stress a possible underlying mechanism. However, prior research has predominantly focused on instructed (laboratory-based) emotion regulation; there is limited conclusive research on the relationship between every-day (habitual) emotion regulation and cardiovascular responses to active psychological stress. As such, this study aimed to examine the associations between two common habitual emotion regulation strategies-cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression-and cardiovascular stress responses across three independent laboratory studies, each involving a different active acute psychological stress task.

Enhancing the Graduate Nursing Student Experience Through Gamification.

Gamification, the use of game-styled learning methods in non-game contexts, encourages student participation, increases learning motivation, and maximizes the amount of information students can retain. An intervention was designed utilizing gamification principles to reinforce material learned during a week-long regional anesthesia intensive. Students participated in team-based competitions consisting of knowledge-based questions, critical thinking, and hands-on ultrasound skills.

Social determinants of health as barriers to care for vasculitis: perspectives of patients and healthcare providers.

Objective: This study examined patient and healthcare provider (HCP) perspectives on the impact of unmet social needs on healthcare barriers for patients with vasculitis.

Methods: Two surveys were developed to gather perspectives from patients with vasculitis, and HCPs specializing in vasculitis care. The patient survey also included a 20-question social needs assessment.

Positive and negative schizotypy personality traits are lower in individuals on ketogenic diet in a non-clinical sample.

Schizotypal personality comprises traits such as odd beliefs, perceptual abnormalities, and social difficulties; these traits are distributed throughout the general population. While not meeting the clinical threshold for schizophrenia or schizotypal personality disorder, schizotypal personality traits still provide insights for understanding early clinical risk factors. Ketogenic diet reportedly reduces psychotic symptoms in preclinical and clinical studies.

Counter acts: practices of 'anti-anti racism' in France and the USA.

In various European countries, the post-fascist nationalist and populist parties identified by Ignazi in the early 1990s 'silent counter-revolution' now hold power, at least as part of coalitions. The values they represent can no longer be described as marginal to the national conversations on identity, immigration and security, issues that revolve around racialized understandings of the social world. In recent years we have observed similar phenomena in the Americas and Asia (with the Trump, Bolsonaro and Modi regimes).

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation may benefit from the addition of N-acetylcysteine to facilitate motor learning in infants of diabetic mothers failing oral feeds.

Objective: This study aims to determine if pretreating with enteral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) improves CNS oxidative stress and facilitates improvement in oromotor skills during transcutaneous auricular nerve stimulation (taVNS) paired with oral feedings in infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) who are failing oral feeds.

Methods: We treated 10 IDMs who were gastrostomy tube candidates in an open-label trial of NAC and taVNS paired with oral feeding. NAC (75 or 100 mg/kg/dose) was given by nasogastric (NG) administration every 6 h for 4 days, then combined with taVNS paired with 2 daily feeds for another 14 days.

Nuclear-Electronic Orbital Time-Dependent Configuration Interaction Method.

Combining real-time electronic structure with the nuclear-electronic orbital (NEO) method has enabled the simulation of complex nonadiabatic chemical processes. However, accurate descriptions of hydrogen tunneling and double excitations require multiconfigurational treatments. Herein, we develop and implement the real-time NEO time-dependent configuration interaction (NEO-TDCI) approach.

Ketogenic diet has a positive association with mental and emotional well-being in the general population.

Objectives: A ketogenic diet reduces pathologic stress and improves mood in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the effects of a ketogenic diet for people from the general population have largely been unexplored. A ketogenic diet is increasingly used for weight loss.

Barriers and enablers to implementing police mental health co-responder programs: A qualitative study using the consolidated framework for implementation research.

Background: Police and mental health co-responder programs operate internationally and can be effective in providing timely and appropriate assessment, brief intervention, and referral services for people experiencing mental health crises. However, these models vary greatly, and little is known about how the design and implementation of these programs impacts their effectiveness.

Method: This study was a qualitative, post hoc implementation determinant evaluation of mental health co-responder units in Brisbane, Australia, comprising of verbal or written interviews with police and mental health staff with an on-road role in the co-responder units, and their managers.

Spin Coupling Effect on Geometry-Dependent X-Ray Absorption of Diradicals.

We theoretically investigate the influence of diradical electron spin coupling on the time-resolved X-ray absorption spectra of the photochemical ring opening of furanone. We predict geometry-dependent carbon K-edge signals involving transitions from core orbitals to both singly and unoccupied molecular orbitals. The most obvious features of the ring opening come from the carbon atom directly involved in the bond breaking through its transition to both the newly formed singly occupied and the available lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (SOMO and LUMO, respectively).

Pricing and reimbursement mechanisms for advanced therapy medicinal products in 20 countries.

Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products are a type of therapies that, in some cases, hold great potential for patients without an effective current therapeutic approach but they also present multiple challenges to payers. While there are many theoretical papers on pricing and reimbursement (P&R) options, original empirical research is very scarce. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive international review of regulatory and P&R decisions taken for all ATMPs with centralized European marketing authorization in March 2022.

Socioeconomic, Racial, and Insurance Disparities in Clinical Outcomes After Surgery Among Patients With Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Background: Socioeconomic status (SES), race, and insurance type correlate with initial curve severity for patients with idiopathic scoliosis, but less is known regarding how these variables impact surgical outcomes. The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of SES, race, and insurance on preoperative appointment attendance, likelihood of obtaining a preoperative second opinion, brace prescription, missed 6 or 12-month postsurgical appointments, incidence of emergency department visits 0 to 90 days after surgery, and major complications within a year of surgery.

Methods: A review of 421 patients diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis who underwent surgery at a single high-volume pediatric spinal deformity institution between May 2015 and October 2021 was conducted.

Successful Eradication of a Highly Resistant Elizabethkingia anophelis Species in a Premature Neonate With Bacteremia and Meningitis.

Elizabethkingia anophelis is a Gram-negative bacillus that can exhibit highly resistant phenotypes against most antibiotics with evidence of efficacy and safety in the neonatal population. Given the limited antimicrobial options, clinicians may be forced into challenging treatment scenarios when faced with central nervous system infections in premature neonates caused by E. anophelis .

Pharmaceutical Development Challenges in a Beyond Rule of Five Prodrug: Case Study of ABBV-167, Phosphate Prodrug of Venetoclax.

ABBV-167, a phosphate prodrug of BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax, was recently progressed into the clinic as an alternative means of reducing pill burden for patients in high-dose indications. The dramatically enhanced aqueous solubility of ABBV-167 allowed for high drug loading within a crystalline tablet and, when administered in phase I clinical study, conferred venetoclax exposure commensurate with the equivalent dose administered as an amorphous solid dispersion. In enabling the progression into the clinic, we performed a comprehensive evaluation of the CMC development aspects of this beyond the rule of five (bRo5) prodrug.

Strategies for Strengthening the Resilience of Public Health Systems for Pandemics, Disasters, and Other Emergencies.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify and prioritize strategies for strengthening public health system resilience for pandemics, disasters, and other emergencies using a scorecard approach.

Methods: The United Nations Public Health System Resilience Scorecard (Scorecard) was applied across 5 workshops in Slovenia, Turkey, and the United States of America. The workshops focused on participants reviewing and discussing 23 questions/indicators.

Venetoclax, alone and in combination with the BH3 mimetic S63845, depletes HIV-1 latently infected cells and delays rebound in humanized mice.

HIV-1 persists indefinitely in people living with HIV (PLWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART). If ART is stopped, the virus rapidly rebounds from long-lived latently infected cells. Using a humanized mouse model of HIV-1 infection and CD4 T cells from PLWH on ART, we investigate whether antagonizing host pro-survival proteins can prime latent cells to die and facilitate HIV-1 clearance.

Essence of the Giant Reduction of Power Density in Osmotic Energy Conversion in Porous Membranes: Importance of Testing Area.

Harvesting osmotic energy through nanofluidic devices with diverse materials has received considerable attention in recent years. Often, a small testing area on a membrane was chosen to assess its power performance by calculating power density as output power per effective area. Since the choice of this testing area is arbitrary, and it is usually quite small, the result obtained can be too optimistic.

Mind the Gap: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Experiences of Adolescents and Parents in a Rheumatology Transition Clinic.

Background: The transition from pediatric to adult care is a critical time when adolescent patients and their families face many challenges. This period can be associated with an increase in disease-related morbidity and mortality. The aim of our study is to identify gaps in transition-related care to help guide areas for improvement.