Basal forebrain activation improves working memory in senescent monkeys.

Brain aging contributes to cognitive decline and risk of dementia. Degeneration of the basal forebrain cholinergic system parallels these changes in aging, Alzheimer's dementia, Parkinson's dementia, and Lewy body dementia, and thus is a common element linked to executive function across the lifespan and in disease states. Here, we tested the potential of one-hour daily intermittent basal forebrain stimulation to improve cognition in senescent monkeys, and its mechanisms of action.

Brain structure and activity predicting cognitive maturation in adolescence.

Cognitive abilities of primates, including humans, continue to improve through adolescence . While a range of changes in brain structure and connectivity have been documented , how they affect neuronal activity that ultimately determines performance of cognitive functions remains unknown. Here, we conducted a multilevel longitudinal study of monkey adolescent neurocognitive development.

Mean amplitude of low frequency fluctuations measured by fMRI at 11.7 T in the aging brain of mouse lemur primate.

Non-human primates are a critical species for the identification of key biological mechanisms in normal and pathological aging. One of these primates, the mouse lemur, has been widely studied as a model of cerebral aging or Alzheimer's disease. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations of blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) can be measured with functional MRI.

Contraception in breast cancer survivors from the FEERIC case-control study (performed on behalf of the Seintinelles research network).

Objective: To compare the prevalence of contraception in breast cancer (BC) patients at risk of unintentional pregnancy (i.e. not currently pregnant or trying to get pregnant) and matched controls.

Side bending radiographs and lowest instrumented vertebra in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A French quality-of-care study.

Background: Determining which spinal levels to instrument during surgical treatment of Lenke Type 1 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) depends on the reducibility of the primary and secondary curve patterns. This reducibility can be evaluated in several ways, with the most popular being radiographs in bending for moderate thoracic and lumbar curvatures. Hypothesis Side-bending radiographs will alter the choice of the lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) for the surgical treatment of AIS.

Multilevel atlas comparisons reveal divergent evolution of the primate brain.

Whether the size of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in humans is disproportionate when compared to other species is a persistent debate in evolutionary neuroscience. This question has left the study of over/under-expansion in other structures relatively unexplored. We therefore sought to address this gap by adapting anatomical areas from the digital atlases of 18 mammalian species, to create a common interspecies classification.

An evolutionary gap in primate default mode network organization.

The human default mode network (DMN) is engaged at rest and in cognitive states such as self-directed thoughts. Interconnected homologous cortical areas in primates constitute a network considered as the equivalent. Here, based on a cross-species comparison of the DMN between humans and non-hominoid primates (macaques, marmosets, and mouse lemurs), we report major dissimilarities in connectivity profiles.

Chalcogenide nanoparticles and organic photosensitizers for synergetic antimicrobial photodynamic therapy.

Synergistic antimicrobial effects were observed for copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles together with indocyanine green (ICG) in the elimination of wild type pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) and also opportunistic fungal infective yeast (Candida albicans ATCC 10231). Furthermore, large antibacterial effects were observed for clinical isolates of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) PFGE strain-type USA300.

Long term disease burden post-transplantation: three decades of observations in 25 Hurler patients successfully treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Background: Mucopolysaccharidosis type I-Hurler syndrome (MPSI-H) is a lysosomal storage disease characterized by severe physical symptoms and cognitive decline. Early treatment with hematopoietic cell transplant (HSCT) is critical to the survival of these patients. While survival rates and short-term outcomes are known to be improved by HSCT, the long-term cognitive, adaptive and psychosocial functional outcomes of children with (MPSI-H) post-HSCT are not well documented.

Induction of amyloid-β deposits from serially transmitted, histologically silent, Aβ seeds issued from human brains.

In humans, iatrogenic transmission of cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ)-amyloidosis is suspected following inoculation of pituitary-derived hormones or dural grafts presumably contaminated with Aβ proteins as well as after cerebral surgeries. Experimentally, intracerebral inoculation of brain homogenate extracts containing misfolded Aβ can seed Aβ deposition in transgenic mouse models of amyloidosis or in non-human primates. The transmission of cerebral Aβ is governed by the host and by the inoculated samples.

Resting state functional atlas and cerebral networks in mouse lemur primates at 11.7 Tesla.

Measures of resting-state functional connectivity allow the description of neuronal networks in humans and provide a window on brain function in normal and pathological conditions. Characterizing neuronal networks in animals is complementary to studies in humans to understand how evolution has modelled network architecture. The mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) is one of the smallest and more phylogenetically distant primates as compared to humans.

Epidemiology of spinal fractures in children: Cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Epidemiological studies of fractures of the spine in children are all old, mostly single-centre, with series spanning periods of 5 to 20 years.

Hypothesis: As lifestyle is constantly changing, notably with an increase in sports activities and improvements in the prevention of road and household accidents, epidemiology has likely changed.

Objective: To update the description of spinal trauma in children and adolescents compared to the existing literature.

Sammba-MRI: A Library for Processing SmAll-MaMmal BrAin MRI Data in Python.

Small-mammal neuroimaging offers incredible opportunities to investigate structural and functional aspects of the brain. Many tools have been developed in the last decade to analyse small animal data, but current softwares are less mature than the available tools that process human brain data. The Python package Sammba-MRI (SmAll-MaMmal BrAin MRI in Python; http://sammba-mri.

An Automated Open-Source Workflow for Standards-Compliant Integration of Small Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data.

Large-scale research integration is contingent on seamless access to data in standardized formats. Standards enable researchers to understand external experiment structures, pool results, and apply homogeneous preprocessing and analysis workflows. Particularly, they facilitate these features without the need for numerous potentially confounding compatibility add-ons.

Animal Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Trends and Path Toward Standardization.

Animal whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides a non-invasive window into brain activity. A collection of associated methods aims to replicate observations made in humans and to identify the mechanisms underlying the distributed neuronal activity in the healthy and disordered brain. Animal fMRI studies have developed rapidly over the past years, fueled by the development of resting-state fMRI connectivity and genetically encoded neuromodulatory tools.

Common functional networks in the mouse brain revealed by multi-centre resting-state fMRI analysis.

Preclinical applications of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) offer the possibility to non-invasively probe whole-brain network dynamics and to investigate the determinants of altered network signatures observed in human studies. Mouse rsfMRI has been increasingly adopted by numerous laboratories worldwide. Here we describe a multi-centre comparison of 17 mouse rsfMRI datasets via a common image processing and analysis pipeline.

Enhanced recovery after surgery in pediatric orthopedics (ERAS-PO).

"Enhanced recovery after surgery" is now the official term: ERAS. Patients come to a specialized center for surgery, and early recovery is ensured by minimizing the impact of surgical stress, controlling pain and stimulating autonomy. Patient information and education concerning the process and care organization enable short hospital stay with early discharge.

Treatment of thoracolumbar kyphosis in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type I: results of an international consensus procedure.

Background: In all patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I), skeletal disease (dysostosis multiplex) is a prominent, debilitating, condition related complication that may impact strongly on activities of daily living. Unfortunately, it is not alleviated by treatment with hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) or enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Although early kyphosis is one of the key features of dysostosis multiplex, there is no international consensus on the optimal management.

A systematic review of parasites and micropredators of non-avian reptiles (Reptilia=Sauropsida) in Chile.

Knowledge about the identity of parasites in vertebrates is relevant because of their influence on ecological processes and health of their hosts. This is particularly important for groups of animals currently facing conservation issues, such as reptiles. The diversity of species and supra-specific taxa of microparasites and macroparasites (such as helminths and arthropods) present in non-avian reptiles in Chile was analyzed through a systematic review.