The cytoskeletal protein profilin is an important allergen in saltwort ().

Pollen from , i.e., saltwort, Russian thistle, is a major allergen source in the coastal regions of southern Europe, in Turkey, Central Asia, and Iran.

Milk Allergen Micro-Array (MAMA) for Refined Detection of Cow's-Milk-Specific IgE Sensitization.

Background: Immunoglobulin-E(IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity to cow's milk allergens is a frequent cause of severe and life-threatening anaphylactic reactions. Besides case histories and controlled food challenges, the detection of the IgE antibodies specific to cow's milk allergens is important for the diagnosis of cow-milk-specific IgE sensitization. Cow´s milk allergen molecules provide useful information for the refined detection of cow-milk-specific IgE sensitization.

Extensively Hydrolyzed Hypoallergenic Infant Formula with Retained T Cell Reactivity.

Background: Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated cow's milk allergy (CMA) can be life-threatening and affects up to 3% of children. Hypoallergenic infant formulas based on hydrolyzed cow's milk protein are increasingly considered for therapy and prevention of cow's milk allergy. The aim of this study was to investigate the allergenic activity and ability to induce T cell and cytokine responses of an infant formula based on extensively hydrolyzed cow's milk protein (whey) (eHF, extensively hydrolyzed formula) supplemented with Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and CECT5716 (LF) to determine its suitability for treatment and prevention of CMA.

Milk of Cow and Goat, Immunized by Recombinant Protein Vaccine ZF-UZ-VAC2001(Zifivax), Contains Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 and Remains Active After Standard Milk Pasteurization.

Here, we present the first experimental validation of the possibility for obtaining immune milk with neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 from vaccinated cows and goat using approved recombinant protein human coronavirus vaccine, ZF-UZ-VAC2001, in the Republic of Uzbekistan. In the period of 2 weeks after first vaccination, we detected the neutralizing antibodies against coronavirus in the blood serum of vaccinated animals. The neutralizing activity, in its peak on the 21st day after receiving the third dose (77th day from first dose), was effective in neutralization test using a live SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 cells, even after 120-fold serum titration.

Profound differences in IgE and IgG recognition of micro-arrayed allergens in hyper-IgE syndromes.

Background: The specificities of IgE and IgG for allergen molecules in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) have not been investigated in detail.

Objective: To study IgE and IgG antibody specificities in patients with defined hyper-IgE syndromes (HIES) using a comprehensive panel of allergen molecules.

Methods: We used chips containing micro-arrayed allergen molecules to analyze allergen-specific IgE and IgG levels in sera from two groups of HIES patients: Autosomal recessive mutations in phosphoglucomutase-3 (PGM3); Autosomal dominant negative mutations of STAT3 (STAT3); and age-matched subjects with allergic sensitizations.

The Molecular Allergen Recognition Profile in China as Basis for Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy.

Approximately 30% of the world population suffers from immunoglobulin-E (IgE)-mediated allergy. IgE-mediated allergy affects the respiratory tract, the skin and the gastrointestinal tract and may lead to life-threatening acute systemic manifestations such as anaphylactic shock. The symptoms of allergy are mediated by IgE-recognition of causative allergen molecules from different allergen sources.

[Determination of antispermal IgE antibodies in women with infertility and chronic inflammatory pelvic diseases.].

Personalized therapy for female infertility means determining of immune mechanisms, including allergic sensitization towards sperm antigens. In order to determine antisperm serum IgE antibodies in women with infertility suffering from pelvic inflammatory diseases, the modified Anti-Spermatozoa Antibody protocol was used (ASA Serum ELISA, Demeditec Diagnostisc, Germany). The modification of the protocol is designed to detect only serum antisperm IgE antibodies carrying Fab fragments to sperm antigens.

Detection of genuine grass pollen sensitization in children by skin testing with a recombinant grass pollen hybrid.

Background: Skin testing represents a commonly used first diagnostic method in clinical practice, but allergen extracts may vary in composition and often contain cross-reactive allergens and therefore do not always allow the precise identification of the sensitizing allergen source. Our aim was to investigate the suitability of a single recombinant hybrid molecule, consisting of the four major timothy grass pollen allergens (Phl p 1, Phl p 2, Phl p 5, and Phl p 6) for in vivo diagnosis of genuine grass pollen allergy in children suffering from pollinosis.

Methods: Sixty-four children aged from 6 to 17 years with a positive skin reaction and/or specific IgE to grass pollen extract and respiratory symptoms of pollinosis as well as 9 control children with allergy to other allergen sources were studied.

Next-Generation of Allergen-Specific Immunotherapies: Molecular Approaches.

Purpose Of Review: The aim of this article is to discuss how allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) can be improved through molecular approaches. We provide a summary of next-generation molecular AIT approaches and of their clinical evaluation. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of next generation molecular AIT forms for the treatment of severe manifestations of allergy and mention possible future molecular strategies for the secondary and primary prevention of allergy.

Molecular Aspects of Allergens and Allergy.

Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-associated allergy is the most common immune disorder. More than 30% of the population suffer from symptoms of allergy which are often severe, disabling, and life threatening such as asthma and anaphylaxis. Population-based birth cohort studies show that up to 60% of the world population exhibit IgE sensitization to allergens, of which most are protein antigens.

Protein Biomarkers in Asthma.

Asthma is a chronic disabling respiratory disease that can be triggered by a variety of factors, including allergens, respiratory infections, psychological factors, occupational agents, exercise, atmospheric pollutants, and drugs. The asthma syndrome has been treated for decades according to a "one-fits-all" treatment strategy based on bronchodilators and steroids. With the availability of new forms of treatment targeting the different pathomechanisms of the asthma syndrome, such as anti-immunoglobulin E and cytokine-targeting therapies, the interest in biomarkers that can dis criminate different forms of asthma according to their pathomechanisms has increased.

Single recombinant and purified major allergens and peptides: How they are made and how they change allergy diagnosis and treatment.

Objective: To review the current knowledge regarding recombinant and purified allergens and allergen-derived peptides.

Data Sources: PubMed, homepages relevant to the topic, and the National Institutes of Health clinical trial database were searched.

Study Selections: The literature was screened for studies describing purified and recombinant allergens and allergen-derived peptides.

Greater Real-Life Diagnostic Efficacy of Allergen Molecule-Based Diagnosis for Prescription of Immunotherapy in an Area with Multiple Pollen Exposure.

Background: Allergen molecule-based diagnosis has been suggested to facilitate the identification of disease-causing allergen sources and the prescription of allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). The aim of the current study was to compare allergen molecule-based IgE serology with allergen extract-based skin testing for the identification of the disease-causing allergen sources. The study was conducted in an area where patients are exposed to pollen from multiple sources (trees, grasses, and weeds) at the same time to compare the diagnostic efficiency of the 2 forms of diagnosis.

Possible effect of landscape design on IgE recognition profiles of two generations revealed with micro-arrayed allergens.

The aim of this study was to investigate possible effects of landscape design on the IgE sensitization profile toward inhalant allergens in patients with respiratory allergy from Uzbekistan where green areas have been changed during the last two decades by a State program. Sera from two different generations of Uzbek (n=58) and, for control purposes, from two generations of Austrian (n=58) patients were analyzed for IgE reactivity to 112 different micro-arrayed allergen molecules by ImmunoCAP ISAC technology. Changes in molecular IgE sensitization profiles to pollen allergens in the young vs the middle-aged Uzbek population were associated with replanting, whereas those in the Vienna populations reflected natural changes in plant growth.

Inactivation of Inflammasomes by Pathogens Regulates Inflammation.

Inflammatory response is initiated and sustained by the action of quintessential pro-inflammatory cytokines of immune system namely IL-1β and IL-18. The maturation process of those cytokines is ensured by caspase-1 enzymatic activity, that is in turn is tightly controlled by multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes. Inflammasomes are activated in cells of innate immune system in response to recognition of conservative parts of microbes (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) or by sensing molecular signs of tissue damage (damage-associated molecular patterns).

Quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPR) for steroidal compounds of environmental importance.

A quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPR) study was carried out for 17 steroidal compounds using calculated molecular descriptors and measured properties. The utility of calculated molecular descriptors and properties was evaluated and improved in some instances by subgroup classification of these 17 compounds into estrogens and androgens. The calculated values for the octanol-water partition coefficient (logK(ow)) were found to be in good agreement with the measured values for all 17 compounds, whilst good agreement between the calculated and measured values for aqueous solubility (logS) was found only for the subgroup of androgens.

Propofol-induced calcium signalling and actin reorganization within breast carcinoma cells.

Background And Objective: MDA-MB-468 breast carcinoma cells respond to non-volatile anaesthetics such as propofol with an increased migration. Here we investigated the relationship between GABA-A receptor modulators, the mode of calcium oscillation and actin reorganization with regard to breast carcinoma cell migration.

Methods: Expression of the GABA-A receptor was determined by Western blot analysis.

Influence of non-volatile anesthetics on the migration behavior of the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468.

Background: Anesthetic agents are known to influence functions of the immune system. Anesthetic drugs also support cancer progression by suppressing the activity of immune cells. In breast carcinoma an increase in expression of peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors (PBR) and the gamma aminobutyl acid (GABA) level has been discovered.