Single Objective Light Sheet Microscopy allows high resolution brain imaging of .

imaging of dynamic sub-cellular brain structures in is key to understanding several phenomena in neuroscience. However, a trade-off between spatial resolution, speed, photodamage, and setup complexity limits its implementation. Here, we designed and built a single objective light sheet microscope, customized for imaging of adult flies and optimized for maximum resolution.

Nano to micron-size combustion particles in smokers' homes: Magnetic properties of tobacco and cigarette ashes.

Cigarette emission comprises high-temperature combustion processes producing diverse harmful compounds, gases, and particulate matter that are spread through the air and can be taken by smokers and passive smokers involuntarily. We determined the magnetic properties of tobacco cigarettes from six commercial brands. We also monitored the emission of particulate matter in some smokers' homes using low-cost sensors and the PM dataset was studied through a time series analysis.

Graduate Student Literature Review: Potential use of HSP70 as an indicator of heat stress in dairy cows-A review.

Heat stress (HS) poses significant challenges to the dairy industry, resulting in reduced milk production, impaired reproductive performance, and compromised animal welfare. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular responses to HS is crucial for developing effective strategies to mitigate its adverse effects. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) has emerged as a potential player involved in cellular thermotolerance in dairy cows.

Accounting for minimum data required to train a machine learning model to accurately monitor Australian dairy pastures using remote sensing.

Precision in grazing management is highly dependent on accurate pasture monitoring. Typically, this is often overlooked because existing approaches are labour-intensive, need calibration, and are commonly perceived as inaccurate. Machine-learning processes harnessing big data, including remote sensing, can offer a new era of decision-support tools (DST) for pasture monitoring.

Thermometries for Single Nanoparticles Heated with Light.

The development of efficient nanoscale photon absorbers, such as plasmonic or high-index dielectric nanostructures, allows the remotely controlled release of heat on the nanoscale using light. These photothermal nanomaterials have found applications in various research and technological fields, ranging from materials science to biology. However, measuring the nanoscale thermal fields remains an open challenge, hindering full comprehension and control of nanoscale photothermal phenomena.

Spatial Distributions of Single-Molecule Reactivity in Plasmonic Catalysis.

Plasmonic catalysts have the potential to accelerate and control chemical reactions with light by exploiting localized surface plasmon resonances. However, the mechanisms governing plasmonic catalysis are not simple to decouple. Several plasmon-derived phenomena, such as electromagnetic field enhancements, temperature, or the generation of charge carriers, can affect the reactivity of the system.

Frequency-Dependent Squeezed Vacuum Source for the Advanced Virgo Gravitational-Wave Detector.

In this Letter, we present the design and performance of the frequency-dependent squeezed vacuum source that will be used for the broadband quantum noise reduction of the Advanced Virgo Plus gravitational-wave detector in the upcoming observation run. The frequency-dependent squeezed field is generated by a phase rotation of a frequency-independent squeezed state through a 285 m long, high-finesse, near-detuned optical resonator. With about 8.

Field and in-silico analysis of harvest index variability in maize silage.

Maize silage is a key component of feed rations in dairy systems due to its high forage and grain yield, water use efficiency, and energy content. However, maize silage nutritive value can be compromised by in-season changes during crop development due to changes in plant partitioning between grain and other biomass fractions. The partitioning to grain (harvest index, HI) is affected by the interactions between genotype (G) × environment (E) × management (M).

Impact of bimetallic interface design on heat generation in plasmonic Au/Pd nanostructures studied by single-particle thermometry.

Localized surface plasmons are lossy and generate heat. However, accurate measurement of the temperature of metallic nanoparticles under illumination remains an open challenge, creating difficulties in the interpretation of results across plasmonic applications. Particularly, there is a quest for understanding the role of temperature in plasmon-assisted catalysis.

Optical Printing of Single Au Nanostars.

Obtaining arrays of single nanoparticles with three-dimensional complex shapes is still an open challenge. Current nanolithography methods do not allow for the preparation of nanoparticles with complex features like nanostars. In this work, we investigate the optical printing of gold nanostars of different sizes as a function of laser wavelength and power.

3D-nanoprinted on-chip antiresonant waveguide with hollow core and microgaps for integrated optofluidic spectroscopy.

Here, we unlock the properties of the recently introduced on-chip hollow-core microgap waveguide in the context of optofluidics which allows for intense light-water interaction over long lengths with fast response times. The nanoprinted waveguide operates by the anti-resonance effect in the visible and near-infrared domain and includes a hollow core with defined gaps every 176 µm. The spectroscopic capabilities are demonstrated by various absorption-related experiments, showing that the Beer-Lambert law can be applied without any modification.

Interface-Dependent Selectivity in Plasmon-Driven Chemical Reactions.

Plasmonic nanoparticles can drive chemical reactions powered by sunlight. These processes involve the excitation of surface plasmon resonances (SPR) and the subsequent charge transfer to adsorbed molecular orbitals. Nonetheless, controlling the flow of energy and charge from SPR to adsorbed molecules is still difficult to predict or tune.

Locally Structured On-Chip Optofluidic Hollow-Core Light Cages for Single Nanoparticle Tracking.

Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) is a widely used methodology to investigate nanoscale systems at the single species level. Here, we introduce the locally structured on-chip optofluidic hollow-core light cage, as a novel platform for waveguide-assisted NTA. This hollow waveguide guides light by the antiresonant effect in a sparse array of dielectric strands and includes a local modification to realize aberration-free tracking of individual nano-objects, defining a novel on-chip solution with properties specifically tailored for NTA.

3D-Nanoprinted Antiresonant Hollow-Core Microgap Waveguide: An on-Chip Platform for Integrated Photonic Devices and Sensors.

Due to their unique capabilities, hollow-core waveguides are playing an increasingly important role, especially in meeting the growing demand for integrated and low-cost photonic devices and sensors. Here, we present the antiresonant hollow-core microgap waveguide as a platform for the on-chip investigation of light-gas interaction over centimeter-long distances. The design consists of hollow-core segments separated by gaps that allow external access to the core region, while samples with lengths up to 5 cm were realized on silicon chips through 3D-nanoprinting using two-photon absorption based direct laser writing.

Optimising profitability and productivity of pasture-based dairy farms with automatic milking systems.

There is a large variability in profitability and productivity between farms operating with automatic milking systems (AMS). The objectives of this study were to identify the physical factors associated with profitability and productivity of pasture-based AMS and quantify how changes in these factors would affect farm productivity. We utilised two different datasets collected between 2015 and 2019 with information from commercial pasture-based AMS farms.

Prospective Randomized Study Using Pharmacogenetics to Customize Postoperative Pain Medication Following Hip and Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: The purpose of this study is to determine whether pharmacogenetic testing could be used to effectively customize postoperative pain medicine following total joint replacement.

Methods: Buccal swabs were collected preoperatively from 107 patients. Pharmacogenetic testing was performed for genetic variants on a panel of 16 genes, including CYP2D6, CYP2C9, OPRM1, and CYP1A2, which affect the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and many opioids.

Hybrid Plasmonic Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Generation and Carbon Dioxide Reduction.

The successful development of artificial photosynthesis requires finding new materials able to efficiently harvest sunlight and catalyze hydrogen generation and carbon dioxide reduction reactions. Plasmonic nanoparticles are promising candidates for these tasks, due to their ability to confine solar energy into molecular regions. Here, we review recent developments in hybrid plasmonic photocatalysis, including the combination of plasmonic nanomaterials with catalytic metals, semiconductors, perovskites, 2D materials, metal-organic frameworks, and electrochemical cells.

Coherent interaction of atoms with a beam of light confined in a light cage.

Controlling coherent interaction between optical fields and quantum systems in scalable, integrated platforms is essential for quantum technologies. Miniaturised, warm alkali-vapour cells integrated with on-chip photonic devices represent an attractive system, in particular for delay or storage of a single-photon quantum state. Hollow-core fibres or planar waveguides are widely used to confine light over long distances enhancing light-matter interaction in atomic-vapour cells.

The Optofluidic Light Cage - On-Chip Integrated Spectroscopy Using an Antiresonance Hollow Core Waveguide.

Emerging applications in spectroscopy-related bioanalytics demand for integrated devices with small geometric footprints and fast response times. While hollow core waveguides principally provide such conditions, currently used approaches include limitations such as long diffusion times, limited light-matter interaction, substantial implementation efforts, and difficult waveguide interfacing. Here, we introduce the concept of the optofluidic light cage that allows for fast and reliable integrated spectroscopy using a novel on-chip hollow core waveguide platform.

Photothermal Response of Single Gold Nanoparticles through Hyperspectral Imaging Anti-Stokes Thermometry.

Several fields of applications require a reliable characterization of the photothermal response and heat dissipation of nanoscopic systems, which remains a challenging task for both modeling and experimental measurements. Here, we present an implementation of anti-Stokes thermometry that enables the photothermal characterization of individual nanoparticles (NPs) from a single hyperspectral photoluminescence confocal image. The method is label-free, potentially applicable to any NP with detectable anti-Stokes emission, and does not require any prior information about the NP itself or the surrounding media.

Effect of a Clean Surgical Airflow Layer on the Incidence of Infection in Total Hip Arthroplasty.

The Center for Health Design estimates that more than 30% of surgical site infections are caused by airborne pathogens. A device that creates a localized clean air field directly adjacent to and surrounding the incision site is meant to shield a surgical site from particulate in the operating room. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the routine use of this device would reduce the rate of infection following total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Fine air pollution particles trapped by street tree barks: In situ magnetic biomonitoring.

Particulate air pollution in cities comprises a variety of harmful compounds, including fine iron rich particles, which can persist in the air for long time, increasing the adverse exposure of humans and living things to them. We studied street tree (among other species, Cordyline australis, Fraxinus excelsior and F. pensylvanica) barks as biological collectors of these ubiquitous airborne particles in cities.

Physical and economic comparison of pasture-based automatic and conventional milking systems.

Automatic milking systems (AMS) have the potential to increase dairy farm productivity and profitability; however, adoption rates, particularly in pasture-based systems, have been lower than expected. The objectives of this study were to compare the physical and economic performance of pasture-based AMS with conventional milking systems (CMS) and to identify gaps for improving AMS productivity and profitability. We used data from 14 AMS and 100 CMS located in the main Australian dairy regions and collected over 3 yr (2015-2016, 2016-2017, 2017-2018).