Machine learning for cognitive behavioral analysis: datasets, methods, paradigms, and research directions.

Human behaviour reflects cognitive abilities. Human cognition is fundamentally linked to the different experiences or characteristics of consciousness/emotions, such as joy, grief, anger, etc., which assists in effective communication with others.

Dataset of Sac/CNF-Ag nanocomposites for antibacterial properties.

The data in this article includes a variety of analysis, including swelling, viscosity and FT-IR to better understand the thermal-mechanical, viscoelastic and swelling properties of sacran, CNF, and Ag nanoparticles individually and collectively. The fabrication method of Sacran, CNF, and Sac/CNF-Ag composite films is also demonstrated in this data item and are related to the research article "Facile design of antibacterial sheets of sacran and nanocellulose". This data article summarizes all the information so that it is evident how silver nanoparticle-polysaccharide hydrogels might be employed as an on-demand dressings due to their proven ability to reduce bacterial viability.

Wet shells and dry tales: the evolutionary 'Just-So' stories behind the structure-function of biominerals.

The ability of evolution to shape organic form involves the interactions of multiple systems of constraints, including fabrication, phylogeny and function. The tendency to place function above everything else has characterized some of the historical biological literature as a series of 'Just-So' stories that provided untested explanations for individual features of an organism. A similar tendency occurs in biomaterials research, where features for which a mechanical function can be postulated are treated as an adaptation.

How Do Abnormalities in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Impact Neuropsychology with Progressing Age?

The behavior of an individual changes from neonate to elderly due to the development of the central nervous system (CNS). One of the important components of the CNS is the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which bathes the brain and spinal cord. CSF has changing properties throughout life, including composition and volume imbalance.

Machine learning phenotyping of scarred myocardium from cine in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Aims: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) with late-gadolinium enhancement (LGE) is increasingly being used in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) for diagnosis, risk stratification, and monitoring. However, recent data demonstrating brain gadolinium deposits have raised safety concerns. We developed and validated a machine-learning (ML) method that incorporates features extracted from cine to identify HCM patients without fibrosis in whom gadolinium can be avoided.

Interfacial self-assembly of polysaccharide rods and platelets bridging over capillary lengths.

Hypothesis: Generation of long-range ordering of colloidal particles through anisotropic interactions is of growing interest in material designing. At submicron-scale, routine works use synthetic spheres or rods but the knowledge pertaining to assembly of binary combination of particles is severely restricted. Improved understanding of the fundamental aspects that drive self-assembly, can lead to robust strategies for fabrication of topographically oriented films.

Convective meniscus splitting of polysaccharide microparticles on various surfaces.

In contrast to convective self-assembly methods for colloidal crystals etc., "convective meniscus splitting method" was developed to fabricate three-dimensionally ordered polymeric structures. By controlling the geometry of evaporative interface of polymer solution, a deposited membrane with uniaxial orientation and layered structures can be prepared.

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking strain analysis for discrimination between hypertensive heart disease and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Background: Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are both associated with an increased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness. Whilst LV ejection fraction is frequently normal in both, LV strain assessment could differentiate between the diseases. We sought to establish if cardiovascular magnetic resonance myocardial feature tracking (CMR-FT), an emerging method allowing accurate assessment of myocardial deformation, differentiates between both diseases.

Micro-deposition control of polysaccharides on evaporative air-LC interface to design quickly swelling hydrogels.

Uniaxial orientation is highly desirable for fabricating advanced soft materials. Liquid crystal (LC) polymer deposition was strategically manipulated at the air-LC interface, by controlling the drying temperature and initial concentration of aqueous solution of xanthan gum in a limited space. Interface-assisted orientation led to membrane-like depositions bridging the millimeter-scale gap between the substrates both, vertically and horizontally.

Micelle-Mediated Self-Assembly of Microfibers Bridging Millimeter-Scale Gap To Form Three-Dimensional-Ordered Polysaccharide Membranes.

Micelle-mediated three-dimensional-ordered polysaccharide membranes are constructed by introducing cationic/anionic surfactant into a liquid crystalline polysaccharide solution. Upon drying mixtures of the polysaccharide solution with the surfactant such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), the polymeric microfibers deposit as a nucleus to form a membrane, bridging millimeter-scale gap with high probability. In particular, in a solution with SDS micellar structures, the microscale fibers with diameter ∼1 μm disassemble into nanoscale fibers with diameter ∼50 nm.

The molecular biology of prostate cancer: current understanding and clinical implications.

Background: With continuous progress over the past few decades in understanding diagnosis, treatment, and genetics, much has been learned about the prostate cancer-diagnosed genome.

Methods: A comprehensive MEDLINE® and Google scholar literature search was conducted using keyword variations relating to the genetics of prostate cancer such as chromosomal alterations, androgen receptor, castration-resistant, inheritance, polymorphisms, oncogenes, metastasis, biomarkers, and immunotherapy.

Results: Traditionally, androgen receptors (AR) have been the focus of research.

Etiologic classification, evaluation, and management of hematospermia.

Hematospermia is defined by the presence of blood in the semen typically occurring in men younger than 40 years of age. Symptoms can occur due to a multitude of reasons, but are usually benign and self-limiting, requiring no additional treatment or evaluation. Despite this, the condition often impairs quality of life due to associated anxiety and must be taken seriously by the patient and the physician, particularly if recurrent, refractory, and painful.

Neuro-urological sequelae of lumbar spinal stenosis.

Purpose: Lumbar spinal stenosis is characterized by the narrowing of the spinal canal, which subsequently induces impingement of neural elements in the lumbar spine. Thus, symptoms of lumbar spinal stenosis are typically associated with damage to those neural elements. Herewith, we target the genitourinary symptoms of lumbar spinal stenosis and the importance of differentiating these symptoms from other genitourinary pathologies, namely benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Transrectal ultrasound-guided extraction of impacted prostatic urethral calculi: a simple alternative to endoscopy.

Urethral stones can become impacted in the posterior urethra, typically presenting with varying degrees of acute urinary retention and lower urinary tract symptoms. These are traditionally treated in the inpatient setting, with external urethrotomy or endoscopic push-back of the calculus into the urinary bladder followed by cystolitholapaxy or cystolithotripsy. However, these methods are invasive, involve general anesthesia, and require radiation.

Classifying Hydroceles of the Pelvis and Groin: An Overview of Etiology, Secondary Complications, Evaluation, and Management.

Introduction: A hydrocele is defined as the pathological buildup of serous fluid in the pelvis and groin due to various etiologies such as diseases or trauma. It has distinct clinical manifestations, particularly discomfort and psychosocial distress. Understanding the anatomy, embryology, and physiology associated with hydrocele formation is crucial to understand its onset and progression.

The impact and management of sexual dysfunction secondary to pharmacological therapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common genitourinary complications in men over 50 years of age and typically presents with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Classes of medications include α1-adrenoceptor blockers, 5α-reductase inhibitors, and phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors. Today, α1-adrenoceptor blockers and 5α-reductase inhibitors are often combined to give a synergistic effect.

Neoplastic diseases of the spermatic cord: an overview of pathological features, evaluation, and management.

Extracellular tumors found with the spermatic cord, known as neoplasms, are usually identified to be benign. However, the accurate and timely diagnosis of spermatic cord masses is highly crucial, especially when most results are often overlooked or unclear. In this review, we discuss the anatomy and embryology of the spermatic cord.

Drying-Induced Self-Similar Assembly of Megamolecular Polysaccharides through Nano and Submicron Layering.

We propose a self-similar assembly to generate planar orientation of megamolecular polysaccharides on the nanometer scale and submicron scale. Evaporating the aqueous liquid crystalline (LC) solution on a planar air-LC interface induces polymer layering by self-assembly and rational action of macroscopic capillary forces between the layers. To clarify the mechanisms of nanometer- and submicron-scale layering, the polymer films are investigated by electron microscopy.

Impaired hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis activity, spermatogenesis, and sperm function promote infertility in males with lead poisoning.

Lead poisoning is a stealthy threat to human physiological systems as chronic exposure can remain asymptomatic for long periods of time before symptoms manifest. We presently review the biophysical mechanisms of lead poisoning that contribute to male infertility. Environmental and occupational exposure of lead may adversely affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, impairing the induction of spermatogenesis.

Unusual case of acute neck pain: acute calcific longus colli tendinitis.

Acute calcific longus colli tendinitis (ACLCT), a very rare cause of severe neck pain, dysphagia and odynophagia, is often mistaken for other common causes of neck pain. However, prompt recognition of this uncommon presentation is important to prevent unnecessary medical and surgical intervention. A 46-year-old Caucasian man presented with a 1-day history of severe neck pain, headache and odynophagia.