Vonoprazan in Management of Refractory Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: An Indian Expert Group Consensus Statements.

Background: Approximately, 40% of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients experience insufficient symptom relief from proton-pump inhibitors (PPI), resulting in PPI-refractory GERD (rGERD).

Objective: To review the existing literature and develop an Indian expert group consensus statement on the place of vonoprazan in the management of rGERD.

Materials And Methods: A panel of 35 leading Indian gastroenterologists extensively reviewed the literature to develop consensus statements for the management of rGERD in Indian patients, with a focus on the newly available potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB), vonoprazan.

MedKG: enabling drug discovery through a unified biomedical knowledge graph.

Biomedical knowledge graphs have emerged as powerful tools for drug discovery, but existing platforms often suffer from outdated information, limited accessibility, and insufficient integration of complex data. This study presents MedKG, a comprehensive and continuously updated knowledge graph designed to address these challenges in precision medicine and drug discovery. MedKG integrates data from 35 authoritative sources, encompassing 34 node types and 79 relationships.

Efficacy of LMA gastro airway versus endotracheal tube for therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography under general anesthesia: a randomized trial.

Objectives: LMA Gastro Airway (LGA) is an advanced airway device that allows simultaneous endoscopy through separate conduits and ventilation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). It can be an alternative to an endotracheal tube (ETT) and potentially hasten recovery from general anesthesia(GA) by avoiding muscle relaxants. We aimed to compare LGA with ETT regarding recovery from anesthesia and adverse respiratory events.

Biodegradable 3D-Printed Conjunctival Inserts for the Treatment of Dry Eyes.

Purpose: To fabricate 3D-printed, biodegradable conjunctival gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) inserts that can release polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) when exposed to an ocular surface enzyme.

Method: In this work, biodegradable conjunctival inserts were 3D-printed using a stereolithography-based technique. The release of PVA from these insert formulations (containing 10% GelMA and 5% PVA (P-Gel-5%)) was assessed along with different mathematical models of drug release.

Invasive Salmonella Typhimurium Colonizes Gallbladder and Contributes to Gallbladder Carcinogenesis through Activation of Host Epigenetic Modulator KDM6B.

Gallbladder stones alone do not explain the risk of gallbladder cancer (GBC) as the sole etiological factor. Chronic microbial infection, particularly Salmonella, has been implicated in GB carcinogenesis, but its causative role and the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. We studied gut and gallbladder tissue microbiome through targeted metagenomics to identify pathogenic bacteria in GBC.

Vision Loss in Neurocysticercosis: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Series.

Background And Purpose: Neurocysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by larvae that leads to various neurological symptoms, including vision loss. This systematic review analyzed cases of vision loss associated with neurocysticercosis to assess its etiology and vision outcomes.

Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, the review included reports on human subjects with vision loss due to neurocysticercosis and is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024556278).

Understanding Right Heart Flow: Implications for Interatrial Shunt Device Therapy in Heart Failure.

Elevation in left atrial pressure with subsequent pulmonary congestion is central to the pathology of heart failure. Interatrial shunts have emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy in patients with heart failure, especially those with diastolic dysfunction. These devices decrease left atrial pressure by shunting blood into the right atrium.

Clinical and Pathophysiological Characteristics of Non-acute Decompensation of Cirrhosis.

Background & Aims: The heterogenous presentation patterns in decompensated cirrhosis confers variable outcomes. While acute decompensation (AD) is well-characterised with poorest prognosis, presentation as non-acute decompensation (NAD) remain unclear. This study aimed to characterize clinical and pathophysiological features of NAD in comparison with healthy (HC), compensated cirrhosis (CC) and AD and identify predictors of progression in NAD.

Strategic advancements in targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway for Breast cancer therapy.

Breast cancer (BC) is a complex disease that affects millions of women worldwide. Its growing impact calls for advanced treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is a key focus in BC therapy because it plays a major role in important processes like tumor growth, survival, and resistance to treatment.

Reproductive success of inbred strain MV31 of the ctenophore in a self-sustaining inland laboratory culture system.

Ctenophores are an attractive phylogenetic lineage for studying animal evolution due to their early divergence from other metazoans. Among Ctenophora, is a model system for developmental, cellular, molecular genetic, and evolutionary studies. Until recently, many of these studies were conducted on wild-caught animals, limiting access to researchers on the coast.

The non-bacterial infant microbiome and necrotizing enterocolitis.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is among the most devastating neonatal illnesses of premature infants. Although it is a disease of multifactorial etiology associated with bacterial dysbiosis, several reports of viral and some fungal infections associated with NEC have been published. Despite the abundance of viruses - primarily bacteriophages, and 'virus-like particles' in the normal infant gut flora, there is limited understanding of the contribution of these elements to newborn gut health and disease.

Electronically Tunable Low-Valent Uranium Metallacarboranes.

Uranium metallocenes have played a pivotal role in advancing the understanding of low-valent uranium chemistry since the inception of this field, and they still find continued use today. Functionalization strategies for cyclopentadienyl (Cp) ligands used in uranium metallocenes have predominately focused on modifying the steric properties of the ligand through the incorporation of alkyl or silyl groups, which offer limited control over the electronic properties. Moreover, due to the flat, two-dimensional nature of Cp, functional groups will affect the coordination geometry of the uranium metallocene and can potentially present challenges in decoupling steric and electronic effects.

Integration of phytochemical profiling and computational approaches to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of in Alzheimer's disease.

Despite broad spectrum utility of (D. Don) DC, little is known about the molecular processes that underlie its anti-Alzheimer action. To investigate the molecular targets and therapeutic potential of for Alzheimer's disease (AD), we used Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), ADMET analysis, network pharmacology, differential gene expression analysis, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.

Insights into early generation synthetic amphidiploid : a strategy to harness maximum parental genomic diversity for improving Indian mustard.

In India, amphidiploid (AABB, 2n=36) is a significant oilseed crop, but its small gene pool limits its ability to develop traits of higher breeding and economic value. Through interspecific hybridization from various lines of the progenitor species, resynthesized (RBJ) can provide breeders with additional resources for creating genetically diverse stress-tolerant and high-yielding cultivars. Three accessions and eight accessions were crossed in this study to develop 33 synthetic lines.

Association of timing of surgery and outcomes in preterm infants with surgical necrotizing enterocolitis and intestinal perforation.

To investigate the association between the timing of surgery from the day of NEC/SIP diagnosis and clinical outcomes in preterm infants. A retrospective cohort study comparing clinical outcomes of infants undergoing laparotomy at three clinically relevant time points (less and more than 48 hours, 96 hours, and 168 hours [7 days]) following NEC/SIP diagnosis. Infants with NEC/SIP ( = 97) receiving surgical invention >96 hours (34/97) had significantly lower gestational age (25.

Improved healing and functional outcome is seen at 12 months after injecting leukocyte rich-PRP in arthroscopically repaired labrum: A case-control study.

Introduction: A study with the hypothesis: platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection into labrum repair will produce better healing response and improved functional outcome in patients of recurrent shoulder dislocation treated with arthroscopic Bankart repair.

Methods: Arthroscopically repaired recurrent shoulder dislocation patients. Group 1 (cases): administered LR-PRP injection.

3D-Printed Contact Lenses to Release Polyvinyl Alcohol as a Therapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Dry Eyes.

Dry eye disease is highly prevalent, and the most common treatment, lubricating eye drops, only remains effective for a very short period of time. This project aims to 3D print a proof-of-concept, custom-fit, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-eluting contact lens (CL) for the treatment of dry eye disease. PVA is a commonly used viscosity enhancer in eye drops, with the capability of reducing symptoms of dry eye by stabilizing the tear film and reducing tear evaporation.

Evaluation of Immunopharmacological efficacy of live Leishmania donovani overexpressing Ld_ζ1 for protection against experimental human visceral Leishmaniasis.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and immunogenicity of the zeta domain over-expressing Leishmania donovani (Ld_ζ1) as a vaccination candidate against visceral leishmaniasis (VL).

Methods: In this study, Leishmania overexpressor Ld_ζ1 (OE) were transformed by electroporation using a GFP-tagged Ld_ζ1 recombinant plasmid. The resulting overexpressing cells were analysed in vitro to assess their growth dynamics and infectivity.

Association of Placental Pathology and antibiotic exposure after birth with the Severity of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm infants - A Matched Case-Control Study.

Objective: To determine the association between antibiotic exposure following birth and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) severity in preterm infants.

Methods: This single center matched case-control study included infants with NEC (n=107) and matched controls (n= 130) with antibiotic exposure =< 3 days and > 3 days after birth.

Results: Out of 212 infants,103 infants (48.

Role of femoral intima-media thickness in risk prediction and assessment of severity of coronary artery disease.

Background/objective: Atherosclerosis is a systemic multifocal disease which most commonly involves branching points of the large and medium-sized arteries. The carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT) is an established marker for increased cardiovascular risk and cerebrovascular disease. In this study, we aimed to establish the role of femoral intima-media thickness (FIMT) in predicting cardiovascular risk in angiographically confirmed patients of coronary artery disease (CAD) when compared with apparently healthy patients (having normal coronary angiogram).

Effect of vasopressin infusion in refractory neonatal shock.

To evaluate the effect of vasopressin infusion in refractory neonatal shock.MethodThis was a cohort study involving retrospective review of medical records of all neonates who received intravenous vasopressin infusion for at least 6 h for treatment of refractory shock in a level 3B neonatal intensive care unit of northern India between Jan 2016 to May 2021. Outcome measures assessed were systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure, heart rate, urine output, serum sodium level, inotrope score, and oxygenation index at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of vasopressin therapy.

Surgical NEC-associated cerebellar underdevelopment and PDA: Call for close monitoring and action.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a systemic inflammatory disease of very low birth weight infants and is associated with brain injury and poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. The cerebellar injury is seen in one third of cases with surgical cases. The association between patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and necrotizing enterocolitis, cerebral and gut hemodynamics in preterm infants is well documented.

Association Between Elevated Total Homocysteine and Heart Failure Risk in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Cohort.

Background: Limited studies show an association between elevated total homocysteine (tHcy) and heart failure (HF) risk, but no studies have assessed whether this association differs by HF subtype. This study examines the relationship between tHcy, HF overall, and HF subtype (HF with preserved ejection fraction [HFpEF] and HF with reduced ejection fraction) in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cohort.

Methods: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants with baseline tHcy and HF data were included (N=6765).