Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Clinical Validation of TIME Criteria to Detect Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults: Methodological Report from the TIME International Study Group.

Background: Various explicit screening tools, developed mostly in central Europe and the USA, assist clinicians in optimizing medication use for older adults. The Turkish Inappropriate Medication use in oldEr adults (TIME) criteria set, primarily based on the STOPP/START criteria set, is a current explicit tool originally developed for Eastern Europe and subsequently validated for broader use in Central European settings. Reviewed every three months to align with the latest scientific literature, it is one of the most up-to-date tools available.

Optimizing clinical outcomes in polypharmacy through poly-de-prescribing: a longitudinal study.

Objectives: To evaluate polypharmacy in older people to determine whether the number of medications de-prescribed correlates with the extent of improvement in quality of life (QoL) and clinical outcomes.

Design: A prospective longitudinal cohort study of polypharmacy in people living in a community in Israel.

Setting: Participants aged 65 years or older who took at least six prescription drugs followed up for at least 3 years (range 3-10 years) after poly-de-prescription (PDP) recommendations.

Evolution of a Restriction Factor by Domestication of a Yeast Retrotransposon.

Transposable elements drive genome evolution in all branches of life. Transposable element insertions are often deleterious to their hosts and necessitate evolution of control mechanisms to limit their spread. The long terminal repeat retrotransposon Ty1 prime (Ty1'), a subfamily of the Ty1 family, is present in many Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, but little is known about what controls its copy number.

Horizontal transfer and recombination fuel Ty4 retrotransposon evolution in .

Horizontal transposon transfer (HTT) plays an important role in the evolution of eukaryotic genomes, however the detailed evolutionary history and impact of most HTT events remain to be elucidated. To better understand the process of HTT in closely-related microbial eukaryotes, we studied Ty4 retrotransposon subfamily content and sequence evolution across the genus using short- and long-read whole genome sequence data, including new PacBio genome assemblies for two strains. We find evidence for multiple independent HTT events introducing the Tsu4 subfamily into specific lineages of and the ancestor of the species pair.

An interchangeable prion-like domain is required for Ty1 retrotransposition.

Retrotransposons and retroviruses shape genome evolution and can negatively impact genome function. and its close relatives harbor several families of LTR-retrotransposons, the most abundant being Ty1 in several laboratory strains. The cytosolic foci that nucleate Ty1 virus-like particle (VLP) assembly are not well understood.

Reproducible evaluation of transposable element detectors with McClintock 2 guides accurate inference of Ty insertion patterns in yeast.

Background: Many computational methods have been developed to detect non-reference transposable element (TE) insertions using short-read whole genome sequencing data. The diversity and complexity of such methods often present challenges to new users seeking to reproducibly install, execute, or evaluate multiple TE insertion detectors.

Results: We previously developed the McClintock meta-pipeline to facilitate the installation, execution, and evaluation of six first-generation short-read TE detectors.

An interchangeable prion-like domain is required for Ty1 retrotransposition.

Unlabelled: Retrotransposons and retroviruses shape genome evolution and can negatively impact genome function. and its close relatives harbor several families of LTR-retrotransposons, the most abundant being Ty1 in several laboratory strains. The cytosolic foci that nucleate Ty1 virus-like particle (VLP) assembly are not well-understood.

Reproducible evaluation of transposable element detectors with McClintock 2 guides accurate inference of Ty insertion patterns in yeast.

Background: Many computational methods have been developed to detect non-reference transposable element (TE) insertions using short-read whole genome sequencing data. The diversity and complexity of such methods often present challenges to new users seeking to reproducibly install, execute, or evaluate multiple TE insertion detectors.

Results: We previously developed the McClintock meta-pipeline to facilitate the installation, execution, and evaluation of six first-generation short-read TE detectors.

Antimicrobial properties of a multi-component alloy.

High traffic touch surfaces such as doorknobs, countertops, and handrails can be transmission points for the spread of pathogens, emphasizing the need to develop materials that actively self-sanitize. Metals are frequently used for these surfaces due to their durability, but many metals also possess antimicrobial properties which function through a variety of mechanisms. This work investigates metallic alloys comprised of several metals which individually possess antimicrobial properties, with the target of achieving broad-spectrum, rapid sanitation through synergistic activity.

Prevalence and Co-Occurrence of Developmental and Emotional-Behavioral Problems in Young Children.

Objective: A limited number of studies have estimated the prevalence of emotional-behavioral disorders among young children. None have assessed their co-occurrence with developmental delays using standardized assessment tools. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of emotional-behavioral disorders and their co-occurrence with developmental delays among young children (2-5.

Deprescribing practices, habits and attitudes of geriatricians and geriatricians-in-training across Europe: a large web-based survey.

Purpose: To provide an overview of the current deprescribing attitudes, practices, and approaches of geriatricians and geriatricians-in-training across Europe.

Methods: An online survey was disseminated among European geriatricians and geriatricians-in-training. The survey comprised Likert scale and multiple-choice questions on deprescribing approaches and practices, deprescribing education and knowledge, and facilitators/barriers of deprescribing.

Meeting the Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs of Internally Displaced Persons in Ethiopia's Somali Region: A Qualitative Process Evaluation.

Introduction: Meeting the sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) needs of internally displaced persons (IDPs) is critical. Despite increased prioritization and coverage of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services in humanitarian settings in recent decades, significant unmet needs remain. In Ethiopia, there are more than 2 million IDPs, an estimated 40% of whom have unmet need for modern contraceptives.

Cell Compartment-Specific Folding of Ty1 Long Terminal Repeat Retrotransposon RNA Genome.

The structural transitions RNAs undergo during trafficking are not well understood. Here, we used the well-developed yeast Ty1 retrotransposon to provide the first structural model of genome (g) RNA in the nucleus from a retrovirus-like transposon. Through a detailed comparison of nuclear Ty1 gRNA structure with those established in the cytoplasm, virus-like particles (VLPs), and those synthesized in vitro, we detected Ty1 gRNA structural alterations that occur during retrotransposition.

Poly-De-Prescribing to Treat Polypharmacy: Lowering the Flames of the First Iatrogenic Epidemic.

Background: There has been a rapid increase in vulnerable subpopulations of very old with co-morbidity, dementia, frailty, and limited life expectancy. Being treated by many specialists has led to an epidemic of inappropriate medication use and polypharmacy (IMUP) with negative medical and economic consequences. For most medications there are no evidence-based studies in older people and treatments are based on guidelines proven in much younger/healthier populations.

Strengthening access to long-acting reversible contraception within postabortion care in Tanzania: A pre-post evaluation.

Postabortion care services provide lifesaving treatment for abortion-related complications and addresses women's needs by offering family planning (FP) counseling and voluntary access to contraception. Between 2016 and 2020, the Government of Tanzania sought to strengthen its PAC program by enhancing FP counseling and clients' access to a wide range of contraceptive options. The project team conducted a pre-post evaluation in 17 public sector healthcare facilities in mainland Tanzania and 8 in Zanzibar.

The effects of interventions to integrate long-acting reversible contraception with treatment for incomplete abortion: Results of a 6-year interrupted time series analysis in hospitals in mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar.

Objective: To evaluate an intervention that aimed at strengthening voluntary access to long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) within postabortion care (PAC) in hospitals in mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar.

Methods: From 2016 to 2018, we conducted PAC quality improvement interventions, emphasizing family planning (FP) counseling and voluntary access to LARC. Researchers conducted an interrupted time-series analysis of service statistics compiled from 2014 to 2020 using segmented linear mixed effects regression models to assess the interventions' effect on postabortion contraceptive uptake.

Magnetic and Optical Properties of Au-Co Solid Solution and Phase-Separated Thin Films and Nanoparticles.

The chemical composition and morphology of AuCo thin films and nanoparticles are controlled via a combination of cosputtering, pulsed laser-induced dewetting (PLiD), and annealing, leading to tunable magnetic and optical properties. Regardless of chemical composition, the as-deposited thin films and as-PLiD nanoparticles are found to possess a face-centered cubic (FCC) AuCo solid-solution crystal structure. Annealing results in large phase-separated grains of Au and Co in both the thin films and nanostructures for all chemical compositions.

Genome Assembly of the Ty1-Less Saccharomyces paradoxus Strain DG1768.

Here, we report an essentially complete genome assembly for the Ty1-less Saccharomyces paradoxus strain DG1768 (derivative of strain 337) based on PacBio and Illumina shotgun sequence data. We also document the genetic alterations that make this yeast strain a key resource for Ty1 mobility studies.

Long-Read Genome Assembly of Saccharomyces uvarum Strain CBS 7001.

Here, we report a long-read genome assembly for Saccharomyces uvarum strain CBS 7001 based on PacBio whole-genome shotgun sequence data. Our assembly provides an improved reference genome for an important yeast in the clade.

Structure of a Ty1 restriction factor reveals the molecular basis of transposition copy number control.

Excessive replication of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ty1 retrotransposons is regulated by Copy Number Control, a process requiring the p22/p18 protein produced from a sub-genomic transcript initiated within Ty1 GAG. In retrotransposition, Gag performs the capsid functions required for replication and re-integration. To minimize genomic damage, p22/p18 interrupts virus-like particle function by interaction with Gag.

RNA Binding Properties of the Ty1 LTR-Retrotransposon Gag Protein.

A universal feature of retroelement propagation is the formation of distinct nucleoprotein complexes mediated by the Gag capsid protein. The Ty1 retrotransposon Gag protein from lacks sequence homology with retroviral Gag, but is functionally related. In addition to capsid assembly functions, Ty1 Gag promotes Ty1 RNA dimerization and cyclization and initiation of reverse transcription.

International Validation of the Turkish Inappropriate Medication Use in the Elderly (TIME) Criteria Set: A Delphi Panel Study.

Objective: Explicit screening tools and implicit evaluation methods have been developed to assist healthcare professionals in the management of pharmacotherapy in older adults. As prescribing habits and locally available medications vary considerably between countries, guides tailored to the needs of specific regions may be required. We aimed to report the results of the international Delphi validation study for the Turkish Inappropriate Medication use in the Elderly (TIME) criteria set, which aims to detect inappropriate prescribing in older adults in Eastern Europe.

High spatial and energy resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy of the magnetic and electric excitations in plasmonic nanorod oligomers.

We leverage the high spatial and energy resolution of monochromated aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy to study the hybridization of cyclic assemblies of plasmonic gold nanorods. Detailed experiments and simulations elucidate the hybridization of the coupled long-axis dipole modes into collective magnetic and electric dipole plasmon resonances. We resolve the magnetic dipole mode in these closed loop oligomers with electron energy loss spectroscopy and confirm the mode assignment with its characteristic spectrum image.

In vivo structure of the Ty1 retrotransposon RNA genome.

Long terminal repeat (LTR)-retrotransposons constitute a significant part of eukaryotic genomes and influence their function and evolution. Like other RNA viruses, LTR-retrotransposons efficiently utilize their RNA genome to interact with host cell machinery during replication. Here, we provide the first genome-wide RNA secondary structure model for a LTR-retrotransposon in living cells.

Simultaneous Decomposition and Dewetting of Nanoscale Alloys: A Comparison of Experiment and Theory.

We consider the coupled process of phase separation and dewetting of metal alloys of nanoscale thickness deposited on solid substrates. The experiments involve applying nanosecond laser pulses that melt the AgNi alloy films in two setups: either on thin supporting membranes or on bulk substrates. These two setups allow for extracting both temporal and spatial scales on which the considered processes occur.