Gender differences and individual, household, and workplace characteristics: Regional geographies of extended working lives.

Increasing labour market participation among older workers is embedded in government policy in the United Kingdom and many other industrialised countries with rises in the state pension age in response to increasing life expectancy. Despite this, many workers stop working before state pension age with around a 20% reduction in the proportion of adults in work between ages 50 and 60 in 2011 in England and Wales. This paper considers the risk of remaining in work by region and gender between 2001 and 2011 for adults aged 40-49 in 2001.

Sexual orientation identity and tobacco and hazardous alcohol use: findings from a cross-sectional English population survey.

Objectives: To assess the association between tobacco and hazardous alcohol use and sexual orientation and whether such an association could be explained by other sociodemographic characteristics.

Design: Cross-sectional household survey conducted in 2014-2016.

Setting: England, UK.

Probabilistic linkage to enhance deterministic algorithms and reduce data linkage errors in hospital administrative data.

Unlabelled:  BACKGROUND: The pseudonymisation algorithm used to link together episodes of care belonging to the same patients in England (HESID) has never undergone any formal evaluation, to determine the extent of data linkage error.

Objective: To quantify improvements in linkage accuracy from adding probabilistic linkage to existing deterministic HESID algorithms.

Methods: Inpatient admissions to NHS hospitals in England (Hospital Episode Statistics, HES) over 17 years (1998 to 2015) for a sample of patients (born 13/28th of months in 1992/1998/2005/2012).

GUILD: GUidance for Information about Linking Data sets.

Record linkage of administrative and survey data is increasingly used to generate evidence to inform policy and services. Although a powerful and efficient way of generating new information from existing data sets, errors related to data processing before, during and after linkage can bias results. However, researchers and users of linked data rarely have access to information that can be used to assess these biases or take them into account in analyses.

Childhood academic ability in relation to cigarette, alcohol and cannabis use from adolescence into early adulthood: Longitudinal Study of Young People in England (LSYPE).

Objectives: Our aim was to determine the association between childhood academic ability and the onset and persistence of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use across adolescence in a representative sample of English schools pupils. Previous research has produced conflicting findings.

Design: Data from 7 years of the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England (LSYPE), 2004-2010 (age 13/14-19/20).

Utilising identifier error variation in linkage of large administrative data sources.

Background: Linkage of administrative data sources often relies on probabilistic methods using a set of common identifiers (e.g. sex, date of birth, postcode).

Association between midlife health behaviours and transitions out of employment from midlife to early old age: Whitehall II cohort study.

Background: It is important to determine whether unhealthy behaviours might influence transitions out of employment from midlife to old age, given the anticipated need for adults to work for longer. Our aim was to determine the association between repeated assessments of cigarette smoking, heavy/problem alcohol drinking, low physical activity and poor diet at midlife, in relation to work exit from midlife to old age.

Methods: Data from 7704 participants (5392 men) from the Whitehall II cohort study in employment at midlife were used to evaluate the association between unhealthy behaviours and a subsequent transition out of work during 22 years follow-up, using logistic regression models.

Working conditions as predictors of retirement intentions and exit from paid employment: a 10-year follow-up of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

Population ageing in Western countries has made delayed retirement and extended working life a policy priority in recent years. Retirement timing has been linked to individual factors such as health and wealth, but less is known about the role of the psychosocial work environment. This paper drew upon longitudinal data on 3462 workers aged 50-69 from five waves of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA).

Local area unemployment, individual health and workforce exit: ONS Longitudinal Study.

Background: In many developed countries, associations have been documented between higher levels of area unemployment and workforce exit, mainly for disability pension receipt. Health of individuals is assumed to be the primary driver of this relationship, but no study has examined whether health explains or modifies this relationship.

Methods: We used data from 98 756 Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study members who were aged 40-69 and working in 2001, to assess whether their odds of identifying as sick/disabled or retired in 2011 differed by local authority area unemployment in 2001, change in local area unemployment from 2001 to 2011 and individual reported health in 2001 (self-rated and limiting long-term illness).

Is Emotional Lability Distinct From "Angry/Irritable Mood," "Negative Affect," or Other Subdimensions of Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Children With ADHD?

Objective: Emotional lability (EL) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) frequently co-occur with ADHD. This study evaluates whether EL merely represents the negative "mood/affect" component of ODD or forms a distinct dimension.

Method: EL and ODD data from 1,317 ADHD participants were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for binary data.

Sitting Time, Fidgeting, and All-Cause Mortality in the UK Women's Cohort Study.

Introduction: Sedentary behaviors (including sitting) may increase mortality risk independently of physical activity level. Little is known about how fidgeting behaviors might modify the association.

Methods: Data were from the United Kingdom (UK) Women's Cohort Study.

Data linkage errors in hospital administrative data when applying a pseudonymisation algorithm to paediatric intensive care records.

Objectives: Our aim was to estimate the rate of data linkage error in Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) by testing the HESID pseudoanonymisation algorithm against a reference standard, in a national registry of paediatric intensive care records.

Setting: The Paediatric Intensive Care Audit Network (PICANet) database, covering 33 paediatric intensive care units in England, Scotland and Wales.

Participants: Data from infants and young people aged 0-19 years admitted between 1 January 2004 and 21 February 2014.

Reciprocal associations between smoking cessation and depression in older smokers: findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

Background: Depression is a particular problem in older people and it is important to know how it affects and is affected by smoking cessation.

Aims: To identify reciprocal, longitudinal relationships between smoking cessation and depression among older smokers.

Method: Across four waves, covering six years (2002-2008), changes in smoking status and depression, measured using the 8-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, were assessed among recent ex-smokers and smokers (n = 2375) in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

Opportunities for longitudinal data linkage in Scotland.

Scotland has existing data resources which are competitive internationally and available to researchers from elsewhere. The Scottish Informatics and Linkage Collaboration (SILC) was recently launched, allowing data sets to be linked within and between sectors (e.g.

Identifying Possible False Matches in Anonymized Hospital Administrative Data without Patient Identifiers.

Objective: To identify data linkage errors in the form of possible false matches, where two patients appear to share the same unique identification number.

Data Source: Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) in England, United Kingdom.

Study Design: Data on births and re-admissions for infants (April 1, 2011 to March 31, 2012; age 0-1 year) and adolescents (April 1, 2004 to March 31, 2011; age 10-19 years).

Bidirectional association between mental health and physical activity in older adults: Whitehall II prospective cohort study.

Objective: To investigate longitudinal and bidirectional associations between mental health and physical activity from midlife into old age.

Methods: Analysis was based on data from 6909 participants (aged 45 to 69 in 1997/99) from the Whitehall II cohort in the UK. Latent growth curve analysis examined possible bidirectional associations between the SF-36 Mental Component Summary and weekly physical activity measured at three time-points over ten years.

Association between questionnaire- and accelerometer-assessed physical activity: the role of sociodemographic factors.

The correlation between objective and self-reported measures of physical activity varies between studies. We examined this association and whether it differed by demographic factors or socioeconomic status (SES). Data were from 3,975 Whitehall II (United Kingdom, 2012-2013) participants aged 60-83 years, who completed a physical activity questionnaire and wore an accelerometer on their wrist for 9 days.

Reaction time and mortality from the major causes of death: the NHANES-III study.

Objective: Studies examining the relation of information processing speed, as measured by reaction time, with mortality are scarce. We explored these associations in a representative sample of the US population.

Methods: Participants were 5,134 adults (2,342 men) aged 20-59 years from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-94).

Chronic inflammation as a determinant of future aging phenotypes.

Background: The importance of chronic inflammation as a determinant of aging phenotypes may have been underestimated in previous studies that used a single measurement of inflammatory markers. We assessed inflammatory markers twice over a 5-year exposure period to examine the association between chronic inflammation and future aging phenotypes in a large population of men and women.

Methods: We obtained data for 3044 middle-aged adults (28.