Formidable and often seemingly insurmountable conceptual, technical, and methodological challenges hamper the measurement of oxidative stress in humans. For instance, fraught and flawed methods, such as the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay kits for lipid peroxidation, rate-limit progress. To advance translational redox research, we present ten comprehensive "cheat codes" for measuring oxidative stress in humans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRedox regulation is a fundamental physiological phenomenon related to oxygen-dependent metabolism, and skeletal muscle is mainly regarded as a primary site for oxidative phosphorylation. Several studies have revealed the importance of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in the signaling process relating to muscle adaptation during exercise. To date, improving knowledge of redox signaling in modulating exercise adaptation has been the subject of comprehensive work and scientific inquiry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe examined the extent to which apnoea-induced extremes of oxygen demand/carbon dioxide production impact redox regulation of cerebral bioenergetic function. Ten ultra-elite apnoeists (six men and four women) performed two maximal dry apnoeas preceded by normoxic normoventilation, resulting in severe end-apnoea hypoxaemic hypercapnia, and hyperoxic hyperventilation designed to ablate hypoxaemia, resulting in hyperoxaemic hypercapnia. Transcerebral exchange of ascorbate radicals (by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy) and nitric oxide metabolites (by tri-iodide chemiluminescence) were calculated as the product of global cerebral blood flow (by duplex ultrasound) and radial arterial (a) to internal jugular venous (v) concentration gradients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a key physiological regulator of metabolism and a target of therapeutic interventions for cardiometabolic and ageing-related disorders. Determining the factors and possible mechanisms of acute and adaptive SIRT1 response to exercise is essential for optimising exercise interventions aligned to the prevention and onset of disease. Exercise-induced SIRT1 upregulation has been reported in animals, but, to date, data in humans have been inconsistent.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To establish proof of concept of a prehabilitation intervention, a combination of education and behavioural change, preceding a physical activity programme in people with fibromyalgia (FM).
Settings: Open-label, feasibility clinical trial.
Participants: Eleven people with FM (10 women).
Exercise training prevents age-related decline in muscle function. Targeting epigenetic aging is a promising actionable mechanism and late-life exercise mitigates epigenetic aging in rodent muscle. Whether exercise training can decelerate, or reverse epigenetic aging in humans is unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are required for exercise-induced molecular adaptations; however, excessive exercise may cause cellular oxidative distress. We postulate that astaxanthin (ASX) can neutralize oxidative distress and stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis in high-intensity exercise-trained mice.
Methods: Six-week-old mice (n = 8/group) were treated with ASX (10 mg/kg BW) or placebo.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
October 2022
The scientific literature shows that exercise has many benefits for individuals with type 1 diabetes. Yet, several barriers to exercise in this population exist, such as post-exercise hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia. Several studies suggest that the timing of exercise may be an important factor in preventing exercise-induced hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIt is now well-established that regular moderate-intensity exercise training can activate salient cell adaptive properties, leading to a state of oxidative eustress [...
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNew readily accessible systemic redox biomarkers are needed to understand the biological roles reactive oxygen species (ROS) play in humans because overtly flawed, technically fraught, and unspecific assays severely hamper translational progress. The antibody-linked oxi-state assay (ALISA) makes it possible to develop valid ROS-sensitive target-specific protein thiol redox state biomarkers in a readily accessible microplate format. Here, we used a maximal exercise bout to disrupt redox homeostasis in a physiologically meaningful way to determine whether the catalytic core of the serine/threonine protein phosphatase PP2A is a candidate systemic redox biomarker in human erythrocytes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntioxidants (Basel)
January 2022
Compelling research has documented how the circadian system is essential for the maintenance of several key biological processes including homeostasis, cardiovascular control, and glucose metabolism. Circadian clock disruptions, or losses of rhythmicity, have been implicated in the development of several diseases, premature ageing, and are regarded as health risks. Redox reactions involving reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) regulate several physiological functions such as cell signalling and the immune response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSirtuin-1 is a protein that may orchestrate the cardioprotective effect of exercise by controlling cellular processes. This pilot study assessed the feasibility of performing a quasi-experimental study in this area. Patients with postacute myocardial infarction were recruited across four hospital sites in the United Kingdom.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Environ Res Public Health
July 2021
This study investigated if music tempo can prompt a desired walking cadence, and if music can provide a stimulus to regulate physical activity intensity in a longitudinal physical activity intervention with free-living adults. Overweight adults ( = 37; 94.26 ± 17.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: There is a lack of public awareness of the importance of engaging in physical activity (PA) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Nearly 58% of the UAE adult population self-reports as being physically inactive although little accelerometer data currently exists. The aim of this study was to obtain the first dataset that objectively quantifies PA and sedentary behaviour (SB) in young UAE adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to rise globally. Yet the aetiology and pathophysiology of this noncommunicable, polygenic disease, is poorly understood. Lifestyle factors, such as poor dietary intake, lack of exercise, and abnormal glycaemia, are purported to play a role in disease onset and progression, and these environmental factors may disrupt specific epigenetic mechanisms, leading to a reprogramming of gene transcription.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntioxidants (Basel)
November 2020
Exercise simultaneously incites beneficial (e.g., signal) and harming (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigh-intensity exercise damages mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in skeletal muscle. Whether MitoQ - a redox active mitochondrial targeted quinone - can reduce exercise-induced mtDNA damage is unknown. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled design, twenty-four healthy male participants consisting of two groups (placebo; n = 12, MitoQ; n = 12) performed an exercise trial of 4 x 4-min bouts at 90-95% of heart rate max.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To determine the effects of exercise on fatigue and sleep quality in fibromyalgia (primary aim) and to identify which type of exercise is the most effective in achieving these outcomes (secondary aim).
Data Sources: PubMed and Web of Science were searched from inception until October 18, 2018.
Study Selection: Eligible studies contained information on population (fibromyalgia), intervention (exercise), and outcomes (fatigue or sleep).
This study examines the interplay between exercise and hypoxia in relation to the DNA damage-repair response; with specific interest to DNA double strand damage. Following two V̇O tests, 14 healthy, male participants completed two exercise trials (hypoxia; 12% FiO, normoxia; 20.9% FiO) consisting of cycling for 30-min at 80-85% of V̇O relative to the environmental condition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study investigated the effects of cow's milk on recovery from repeated simulated team games (STGs) in females. Twenty female team-sport athletes completed an STG circuit (2x ~ 30 min, with 10 min 'half-time'). Measures of muscle function, soreness and tiredness, symptoms of stress and serum markers of muscle damage and oxidative stress were determined pre- and 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h following the circuit.
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