Taste active compounds in a goat cheese water-soluble extract. 1. Development and sensory validation of a model water-soluble extract.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the components of a goat cheese water-soluble extract (WSE) on its flavor by both physicochemical and sensory techniques with special emphasis on taste. After characterization of the organoleptic properties of the cheese, the WSE was extracted with pure water and submitted to successive tangential ultrafiltrations and nanofiltration. The physicochemical assessment of these fractions led to the constitution of a model mixture (MWSE) compared by sensory evaluation to the crude WSE, using a panel of 16 trained members.

Ionic interactions in nanofiltration of beta casein peptides.

Nanofiltration (NF) membrane technology shows interesting potentials for separating organic components on the basis of solute charge and size in the range of 300-1000 g mol-1. Separation properties of two inorganic NF membranes were studied with a set of 10 small peptides (molecular mass range: 300-900 g mol-1; 3 < pI < 10) contained in a well-characterized tryptic beta casein hydrolysate. Peptides transmission strongly depended on ionic interactions in the system.

Schistosomiasis.

Schistosomiasis is a man-made disease related to water contact in the agricultural fields and affecting millions of people in developing countries in the tropical and subtropical parts of Africa, Asia and South America. It is a bisexual trematode living in the portal blood and perivesical venous plexus. Its life cycle necessitates the presence of an intermediate host - a fresh water mollusc - that differs according to place.

Selective separation of amino acids with a charged inorganic nanofiltration membrane: effect of physicochemical parameters on selectivity.

A charged organic-inorganic nanofiltration (NF) membrane prototype was used to separate a mixture of nine amino acids (AA) on the basis of differential electrostatic interactions with the membrane because, for a given pH, some of them were positively charged, some were negative, and some were zwitterions. Effect of pH, amino acid concentration (C(r)), and added ionic strength ([NaCI]) on the process selectivity was studied. A global statistical study revealed that pH was the dominant parameter regarding fractionation.

Immunoglobulin-A and the pathogenesis of schistosomal glomerulopathy.

Several observations suggest that the evolution of schistosomal glomerulopathy into clinically overt and progressive disease may involve pathogenetic mechanisms other than simple glomerular deposition of parasitic antigens. In a previous study, IgA was suggested to be a mediator of late glomerular lesions in this disease. This issue is further addressed in this work.

Detection of circulating anodic antigen before and after specific chemotherapy in experimental murine Schistosomiasis mansoni.

In two groups of mice infected with 60 (group I) and 120 (group II) Schistosoma mansoni cercariae, respectively, the effects of intensity and duration of infection, and of praziquantel therapy (curative vs subcurative dose) on the levels of circulating anodic antigen (CAA), were studied. CAA was measured in trichloracetic acid-treated serum samples with an avidin-biotin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (AB-ELISA) using the monoclonal anti-CAA antibody. Total worm burdens, oogram patterns and ova counts/g liver and intestine were followed up.

Effect of specific chemotherapy on the immune response and resistance to reinfection in experimental Schistosomiasis mansoni.

Mice infected for 45 days with 120 Schistosoma mansoni cercariae and treated with praziquantel in a dose of 500 mg/kg for two consecutive days had a significant lower resistance to reinfection when challenged two weeks after treatment (45% compared to 88% in infected challenged untreated mice). In praziquantel-treated mice, the reduction in the per cent resistance was accompanied by a diminution in the size of hepatic granulomata and its in vivo correlate the delayed foot pad swelling. Moreover, the granuloma proportionate T-cell subset enumeration revealed a significant reduction in the number of T-helper cells.

Levamisole restored the compromised state of immunity after specific chemotherapy in experimental schistosomiasis mansoni.

Mice infected for 45 days with 120 Schistosoma mansoni cercariae and treated with levamisole (25 mg/kg subcutaneously) have more efficient acquired immunity when challenged with 240 Schistosoma mansoni cercariae the same day of treatment (97.7% # 87.7% in infected challenged controls).