Segmentary exclusion syndrome in hand traumatology - definition, rehabilitation and orthosis.

Background: Segmentary exclusion syndrome is a motor behavioral disorder consisting in non-use or underuse of a limb or limb segment following local inflammation, most often of traumatic origin, primarily affecting the fingers and hand. It can be associated with somatosensory disorder, limitation of range of motion, and pain.

Purpose Of The Study: The objective of this article is to further describe segmentary exclusion syndrome, and to present practical rehabilitation techniques and strategies focused on prevention, assessment and treatment.

Relapse of concussion symptoms in the context of premature return to learn and return to play: Comparative analysis of 2006 to 2011 and 2011 to 2016.

Objective: To determine whether the proportion of sport-related concussion (SRC) cases among student athletes that resulted in a relapse of their symptoms due to premature return to play (RTP) or premature return to learn (RTL) has changed compared with a prior (2006 to 2011) study.

Design: Retrospective cohort study of electronic medical record charts from a 5-year period (2011 to 2016) compared with previous data.

Setting: A sport and exercise medicine physician's office-based practice in Ontario.

How does COVID-19 affect electoral participation? evidence from the French municipal elections.

This article investigates the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on electoral participation. We study the French municipal elections that took place at the very beginning of the ongoing pandemic and held in over 9,000 municipalities on March 15, 2020. In addition to the simple note that turnout rates decreased to a historically low level, we establish a robust relationship between the depressed turnout rate and the disease.

Third-Degree Atrioventricular Block as the Initial Presentation of Lyme Disease.

Lyme disease is a multisystemic infection that can present as localized disease, early disseminated, or late disease. During the early disseminated phase of Lyme disease, the hematogenous spread can result in extracutaneous manifestations, including cardiac, neurological, and joint. Lyme carditis is an uncommon manifestation occurring in patients with untreated Lyme disease.

Are Canadian clinicians providing consistent sport-related concussion management advice?

Objective: To compare the knowledge and use of recommendations for the management of sport-related concussion (SRC) among sport and exercise medicine physicians (SEMPs) and emergency department physicians (EDPs) to assess the success of SRC knowledge transfer across Canada.

Design: A self-administered, multiple-choice survey accessed via e-mail by SEMPs and EDPs. The survey had been assessed for content validity.

Premature return to play and return to learn after a sport-related concussion: physician's chart review.

Objective: To determine what proportion of patients experience an exacerbation of their symptoms as a result of premature return to play (RTP) and return to learn (RTL) following sport-related concussions.

Design: Retrospective study of electronic medical records from the office-based practice of one family and sport medicine physician who had systematically provided recommendations for cognitive and physical rest based on existing consensus recommendations. Two blinded authors independently reviewed each chart, which included Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) and SCAT2 symptom self-report forms to determine whether an athlete had returned to play or learn prematurely.

Do family physicians, emergency department physicians, and pediatricians give consistent sport-related concussion management advice?

Objective: To identify differences and gaps in recommendations to patients for the management of sport-related concussion among FPs, emergency department physicians (EDPs), and pediatricians.

Design: A self-administered, multiple-choice survey was e-mailed to FPs, EDPs, and pediatricians. The survey had been assessed for content validity.

Novel genes differentially expressed between posterior and median silk gland identified by SAGE-aided transcriptome analysis.

Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) profiles, from posterior and median cells of the silk gland of Bombyx mori, were analyzed and compared, so as to identify their respective distinguishing functions. The annotation of the SAGE libraries was performed with a B. mori reference tag collection, which was extracted from a novel set of Bombyx ESTs, sequenced from the 3' side.

Polycalin (chlorophyllid A binding protein): a novel, very large fluorescent lipocalin from the midgut of the domestic silkworm Bombyx mori L.

We studied a protein from the midgut of the silkworm Bombyx mori characterized by its ability to bind the prosthetic group of chlorophyll, that confers fluorescent properties to this protein. Several techniques, 2D electrophoresis purification, MS-MS and Maldi-TOF peptide sequencing, RT-PCR and nucleotide sequencing were used to obtain the nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence. The coding sequence was compared to the gene sequence to define the number and size of introns and exons.

Fork head alternative binding drives stage-specific gene expression in the silk gland of Bombyx mori.

Here, we identified the main transactivator of fhx, the gene encoding the silk protein fibrohexamerin in posterior silk gland cells (PSG), as the homeotic SGF1/fork head factor. The same factor also stimulates sericin-1, another silk protein encoding gene, in the middle silk gland cells. SGF1/fork head is present in the silk gland nuclei during the whole course of larval life, but its binding to the fhx promoter occurs at intermolt and not during molt, when fhx is respectively turned on and off.

Structure and organization of the Bombyx mori sericin 1 gene and of the sericins 1 deduced from the sequence of the Ser 1B cDNA.

The sericin 1 primary transcript of the silkworm Bombyx mori is differentially spliced via a tissue- and developmentally-regulated process. From a middle silk gland cDNA library, we have elucidated the sequence of one of the four mRNAs, the 4.0 kb Ser1B mRNA.

Differential binding of the Bombyx silk gland-specific factor SGFB to its target DNA sequence drives posterior-cell-restricted expression.

The gene encoding the silk protein P25 in Bombyx mori is expressed in the posterior silk gland (PSG) cells and repressed in the middle silk gland (MSG) cells. To identify the factors involved in this transcription-dependent spatial restriction, we examined the P25 chromatin in PSG and MSG nuclei by DNase I-aided ligation-mediated PCR and analyzed the expression of various P25-lacZ constructs in biolistically treated silk glands. P25 promoter activation depends on two cis-acting elements.

Structural features of mag, a gypsy-like retrotransposon of Bombyx mori, with unusual short terminal repeats.

Mag is a retrotransposon found as an insert in the Sericin 2 gene. It is present in a few copies--4 to 15--dispersed in the genome of different strains of Bombyx mori as well as in Bombyx mandarina. Flanked by a 5 bp target sequence with no sequence specificity, it is bordered by direct repeats of 77 nucleotides.

A cytoplasmic actin gene from the silkworm Bombyx mori is expressed in tissues of endodermal origin and previtellogenic germ cells of transgenic Drosophila.

A cytoplasmic actin gene from Bombyx mori introduced into Drosophila melanogaster by P-element mediated transformation, is efficiently transcribed in larvae, pupae and adults of the host. The exogenous mRNA has the same size as the one observed in the Bombyx cells and the intron located within the coding region is properly excised, indicating a correct recognition of the exogenous sequences by the Drosophila transcriptional and splicing machineries. The expression of the Bombyx gene in Drosophila tissues was determined by transforming flies with a hybrid gene in which a large part of the Bombyx actin coding sequences was replaced by those of the bacterial lac Z gene.

Cloning and characterization of the highly polymorphic Ser2 gene of Bombyx mori.

Three alleles of the sericin (Ser) 2-encoding gene (Ser2), called L, C and mC, were isolated from a Bombyx mori genomic library, and two related ones, called mCL and Cv, were also characterized in B. mori European strains. The Ser2 gene gives rise to two middle silk gland mRNAs by differential splicing.

Developmental switches of sericin mRNA splicing in individual cells of Bombyx mori silkgland.

Four mRNA of 10.5, 9.0, 4.

A single gene produces multiple sericin messenger RNAs in the silk gland of Bombyx mori.

The sericins are a family of major cocoon proteins specifically synthesized in the middle silk gland of the silkworm Bombyx mori. The 5' part of one sericin gene had been cloned and described by Okamoto et al. (1982, J.

Developmental variations of a nonfibroin mRNA of Bombyx mori silkgland, encoding for a low-molecular-weight silk protein.

The characterization of a new silk protein mRNA (P25 mRNA) in posterior silkgland cells (PSG) and the developmental variations of its cell molecular concentration versus that of fibroin mRNA are described. A 80% pure P25 cDNA was obtained by class separation of total nonfibroin cDNA from PSG and used to identify the mRNA in blotted PSG mRNA as a single 1100 nucleotide long species. When purified from agarose gel and translated in a reticulocyte cell-free system, P25 mRNA yielded a 25-kD polypeptide (P25), identical to a 25-kD protein of the cocoon in terms of pI value and partial peptide mapping pattern.

Partially oxidized active intermediates in refolding of reduced ribonuclease.

The refolding of reduced ribonuclease A has been studied by measurements of enzymatic activity under conditions where the oxidation of thiol groups into disulfide bonds is rather slow. The sensitivity to a treatment by N-ethylmaleimide has been used to distinguish between partially and totally oxidized active species. It is found that the first active protein molecules to be formed do not have all of their disulfide bonds.

[Gene expression in Bombyx mori silkgland cells during the last larval instar].

Poly (A)-containing RNA was isolated from the posterior silkgland of Bombyx mori just after the fourth molt, when the gland is not producing fibroin (stage V0), and at the middle of the fifth larval instar, when the fibroin is massively synthesized (stage V6). The hybridization kinetics of these mRNA with their complementary DNA (cDNA) were remarkably different. The mRNA from stage V0 consisted of two abundance classes, comprising 38 and 2 915 different species, respectively.

Genes transcribed at diverse rates have a similar conformation in chromatin.

We have analyzed the DNA generated upon treatment of oviduct nuclei with pancreatic DNase I (deoxyribonucleate 3'-oligonucleotidohydrolase; EC 3.1.4.