A customised fetal growth and birthweight standard for Qatar: a population-based cohort study.

Objectives: Customized birthweight centiles have improved the detection of small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) babies compared to existing population standards. This study used perinatal registry data to derive coefficients for developing customized growth charts for Qatar.

Methods: The PEARL registry data on women delivering in Qatar (2017-2018) was used to develop a multivariable linear regression model predicting optimal birthweight.

Accuracy of antenatal ultrasound in predicting large-for-gestational-age babies: population-based cohort study.

Background: Pregnancies with large-for-gestational-age fetuses are at increased risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. There is uncertainty about how to manage birth in such pregnancies. Current guidelines recommend a discussion with women of the pros and cons of options, including expectant management, induction of labor, and cesarean delivery.

Fetal size vs growth: comparative analysis of 3 models of growth velocity based on third trimester estimated fetal weights for identifying stillbirth risk.

Background: Fetal growth velocity is being recognized as an important parameter by which to monitor fetal wellbeing, in addition to assessment of fetal size. However, there are different models and standards in use by which velocity is being assessed.

Objective: We wanted to investigate 3 clinically applied methods of assessing growth velocity and their ability to identify stillbirth risk, in addition to that associated with small for gestational age.

Stillbirth risk and smallness for gestational age according to Hadlock, INTERGROWTH-21st, WHO, and GROW fetal weight standards: analysis by maternal ethnicity and body mass index.

Background: Appropriate growth charts are essential for fetal surveillance, to confirm that growth is proceeding normally and to identify pregnancies that are at risk. Many stillbirths are avoidable through antenatal detection of the small-for-gestational-age fetus. In the absence of an international consensus on which growth chart to use, it is essential that clinical practice reflects outcome-based evidence.

Outcome-based comparative analysis of five fetal growth velocity models to define slow growth.

Objective: Fetal growth surveillance includes assessment of size as well as rate of growth, and various definitions for slow growth have been adopted into clinical use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different models to identify stillbirth risk, in addition to risk represented by the fetus being small-for-gestational age (SGA).

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of a routinely collected and anonymized dataset of pregnancies that had two or more third-trimester ultrasound measurements of estimated fetal weight (EFW).

Induction of labour for predicted macrosomia: study protocol for the 'Big Baby' randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Large-for-gestational age (LGA) fetuses have an increased risk of shoulder dystocia. This can lead to adverse neonatal outcomes and death. Early induction of labour in women with a fetus suspected to be macrosomic may mitigate the risk of shoulder dystocia.

Evaluating the Growth Assessment Protocol for stillbirth prevention: progress and challenges.

Many stillbirths are associated with fetal growth restriction, and are hence potentially avoidable. The Growth Assessment Protocol (GAP) is a multidisciplinary program with an evidence based care pathway, training in risk assessment, fetal growth surveillance with customised charts and rolling audit. Antenatal detection of small for gestational age (SGA) has become an indicator of quality of care.

Prospective risk of stillbirth according to fetal size at term.

Objectives: Fetal growth and size are associated with stillbirth risk. We wanted to investigate the week by week predictive value of fetal size at term on the prospective risk of stillbirth.

Methods: Anonymised database from the UK GAP program, with 2,094,702 term (≥37 weeks) deliveries including 4,670 stillbirths.

Fetal weight projection model to define growth velocity and validation against pregnancy outcome in a cohort of serially scanned pregnancies.

Objective: Fetal growth assessment is central to good antenatal care, yet there is a lack of definition of normal and abnormal fetal growth rate which can identify pregnancies at risk of adverse outcome. The aim of this study was to develop and test a model for defining normal limits of growth velocity which are specific to the fetal weight measurement interval.

Methods: The cohort consisted of 102 138 singleton pregnancies which underwent at least two third-trimester measurements of ultrasound estimated fetal weight (EFW), usually carried out because routine early-pregnancy risk assessment had indicated an increased risk of fetal growth restriction.

Customized GROW vs INTERGROWTH-21 birthweight standards to identify small for gestational age associated perinatal outcomes at term.

Background: Fetal growth restriction is associated with stillbirth and other adverse pregnancy outcomes, and the use of the correct weight standard is an essential proxy indicator of growth status and perinatal risk.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the performance of two international birthweight standards for their ability to identify perinatal morbidity and mortality indicators associated with small for gestational age infants at term.

Study Design: This retrospective cohort study used data from a multicenter perinatal quality initiative, including a multiethnic dataset of 125,826 births from 2012 to 2017.

Reduction of stillbirths in England from 2008 to 2017 according to uptake of the Growth Assessment Protocol: 10-year population-based cohort study.

Objective: Antenatal detection of small-for-gestational age (SGA) can reduce significantly the risk of stillbirth. The Growth Assessment Protocol (GAP) was developed to address the problem that most SGA fetuses are missed antenatally. We set out to analyze the effect that the GAP program has had on stillbirth rates in England.

Customized birthweight standard for a Polish population.

Introduction: There is a growing body of evidence supporting the role of customized growth charts in improving detection of fetal growth restriction (FGR) and decreasing false positive diagnoses. The aim of the study is to produce a customised birthweight standard for Poland.

Material And Methods: Maternal height and weight, ethnicity, gestational age, weight and sex at birth as well as pre-existing and gestational complications were collected.

Customized birthweight standard for an Iranian population.

Objective: To produce a customized birthweight standard for Iran.

Method: Retrospective study of a pregnancy database collected from five hospitals across Iran. The cohort consisted of 4994 consecutive term births with complete data, delivered between July 2013 and November 2014.

Customised birthweight standard for a Slovenian population.

Objective To produce a customised birthweight standard for Slovenia. Methods This retrospective study used a cohort from the National Perinatal Information System of Slovenia (NPIS). Prospectively collected information from pregnancies delivered in all of Slovenia's 14 maternal hospitals between 1st January 2003 and 31st December 2012 was included.

Fetal growth surveillance - Current guidelines, practices and challenges.

Antenatal surveillance of fetal growth is an essential part of good maternity care, as lack of detection of fetal growth restriction is directly associated with stillbirth and perinatal morbidity. New algorithms and guidelines provide care pathways which rely on regular third trimester ultrasound biometry and plotting of estimated fetal weight in pregnancies considered to be at increased risk, and their implementation has increased pressures on ultrasound resources. Customised growth charts have improved the distinction between constitutional and pathological smallness and reduced unnecessary referrals.

Customized vs INTERGROWTH-21 standards for the assessment of birthweight and stillbirth risk at term.

Background: Fetal growth abnormalities are linked to stillbirth and other adverse pregnancy outcomes, and use of the correct birthweight standard is essential for accurate assessment of growth status and perinatal risk.

Objective: Two competing, conceptually opposite birthweight standards are currently being implemented internationally: customized gestation-related optimal weight (GROW) and INTERGROWTH-21. We wanted to compare their performance when applied to a multiethnic international cohort, and evaluate their usefulness in the assessment of stillbirth risk at term.

Customized growth charts: rationale, validation and clinical benefits.

Appropriate standards for the assessment of fetal growth and birthweight are central to good clinical care, and have become even more important with increasing evidence that growth-related adverse outcomes are potentially avoidable. Standards need to be evidence based and validated against pregnancy outcome and able to demonstrate utility and effectiveness. A review of proposals by the Intergrowth consortium to adopt their single international standard finds little support for the claim that the cases that it identifies as small are due to malnutrition or stunting, and substantial evidence that there is normal physiologic variation between different countries and ethnic groups.

Making stillbirths visible: a systematic review of globally reported causes of stillbirth.

Background: Stillbirth is a global health problem. The World Health Organization (WHO) application of the International Classification of Diseases for perinatal mortality (ICD-PM) aims to improve data on stillbirth to enable prevention.

Objectives: To identify globally reported causes of stillbirth, classification systems, and alignment with the ICD-PM.