Mammary epithelial cells have lineage-rooted metabolic identities.

Cancer metabolism adapts the metabolic network of its tissue of origin. However, breast cancer is not a disease of a single origin. Multiple epithelial populations serve as the culprit cell of origin for specific breast cancer subtypes, yet our knowledge of the metabolic network of normal mammary epithelial cells is limited.

Immune Cell Associations with Cancer Risk.

Proper immune system function hinders cancer development, but little is known about whether genetic variants linked to cancer risk alter immune cells. Here, we report 57 cancer risk loci associated with differences in immune and/or stromal cell contents in the corresponding tissue. Predicted target genes show expression and regulatory associations with immune features.

Reactive oxygen species modulate macrophage immunosuppressive phenotype through the up-regulation of PD-L1.

The combination of immune checkpoint blockade with chemotherapy is currently under investigation as a promising strategy for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most prominent component of the breast cancer microenvironment because they influence tumor progression and the response to therapies. Here we show that macrophages acquire an immunosuppressive phenotype and increase the expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) when treated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducers such as the glutathione synthesis inhibitor, buthionine sulphoximine (BSO), and paclitaxel.

Unfavorable cytokine and adhesion molecule profiles during and after pregnancy, in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.

Aims: To assess the relationships between components of the metabolic syndrome and cytokine and adhesion molecule levels in women with GDM during pregnancy and after delivery.

Patients And Methods: A prospective case-control study on a sample of 126 pregnant women (63 with and 63 without gestational diabetes mellitus).

Postpartum development of endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress markers in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus.

Background: Relationships between adhesion molecules (AM), oxidative stress, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and future development of type 2 diabetes mellitus are unclear.

Aim: We investigated AM and oxidant/antioxidant markers in women with previous history of GDM.

Subjects And Methods: Postpartum women with GDM (cases; n = 41) and healthy women (controls; n = 21) had clinical and laboratory variables measured, including indicators of vascular damage (ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin), oxidative stress (LPO, GSH and GST) and antioxidant markers (catalase, SOD, GPX and TAC).

Adipokines and metabolic syndrome risk factors in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been recognized as a significant risk factor for metabolic syndrome and CVD. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationships between levels of cytokines, components of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk markers in women with previous gestational diabetes.

Methods: Women (n = 41) with gestational diabetes background (cases) and 21 healthy women (controls) in the postpartum period were enrolled.