High-flow nasal cannula and non-invasive mechanical ventilation in pediatric asthma exacerbation: two-year prospective observational study in intensive care.

Background: Asthma is a common cause of admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). We described and analyzed the therapies applied to children admitted to a tertiary PICU because of asthma. Later, we evaluated high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) use in these patients and compared their evolution and complications with those who received non-invasive ventilation.

Mitochondrial dysfunction mediates neuronal cell response to DMMB photodynamic therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a process in which a photosensitizer (PS) is exposed to specific wavelengths and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) which act within nanometers. The low invasive nature and directed cytotoxicity of this approach render it attractive to the treatment of different conditions, including the ones that affect the central nervous system (CNS). The effect of PDT on healthy neurons is one main concern over its use in the CNS, since neuronal-like cells were shown to be particularly sensitive to certain PSs.

PIMS-TS immunophenotype: description and comparison with healthy children, Kawasaki disease and severe viral and bacterial infections.

Background: A new clinical syndrome named Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) has been described. This new disease is a leading cause of hospital and paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). It has been related to immunity dysregulation.

Black oil sunflower seed ingestion associated with renal azotemia, gastroesophageal ulceration, and a high mortality rate in four alpacas and two llamas.

Case Description: 4 alpacas and 2 llamas (11 months to 11 years old) from 2 properties were examined for lethargy (6/6), salivation and regurgitation (4/6), and recumbency (3/6). Signs developed approximately 48 to 72 hours after accidental access to black oil sunflower seeds.

Clinical Findings: 3 alpacas died suddenly prior to treatment and were necropsied.

Respiratory and pharmacological management in severe acute bronchiolitis: Were clinical guidelines not written for critical care?

Purpose: The treatment applied for children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for severe acute bronchiolitis may differ from general recommendations. The first objective of our study was to describe the treatments offered to these children in a Spanish tertiary PICU. The second objective was to analyse the changes in management derived from the publication of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) bronchiolitis guideline in 2014.

A Variant in a Litter of Neonatal Basset Hounds with Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa.

We investigated three neonatal Basset Hound littermates with lesions consistent with epidermolysis bullosa (EB), a group of genetic blistering diseases. A clinically normal bitch was bred to her grandfather by artificial insemination. Out of a litter of seven puppies, two affected puppies died and one was euthanized, with these puppies being submitted for diagnostic necropsy.

Guidelines for diagnosis and management of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome.

Background: Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS) is a rare condition characterized by an alveolar hypoventilation due to a deficient autonomic central control of ventilation and a global autonomic dysfunction. Paired-like homeobox 2B (PHOX2B) mutations are found in most of the patients with CCHS. In recent years, the condition has evolved from a life-threatening neonatal onset disorder to include broader and milder clinical presentations, affecting children, adults and families.

sRAGE as severe acute bronchiolitis biomarker, prospective observational study.

Introduction And Objectives: Acute bronchiolitis (AB) is the leading cause of hospitalization in infants and around 5% require intensive care treatment. Early identification of children diagnosed with AB at a high risk of severe progression is of great interest. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), highly expressed in lung tissue, regulates immune responses and inflammation, and its soluble form, sRAGE, is believed to have an anti-inflammatory role.

Children in Critical Care Due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: Experience in a Spanish Hospital.

Objectives: Spain has been one of the countries most severely affected by the coronavirus disease 2019. This study aims to describe a series of children admitted to a PICU due to coronavirus disease 2019 infection.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Accuracy of CD64 expression on neutrophils and monocytes in bacterial infection diagnosis at pediatric intensive care admission.

The CD64 receptor has been described as an interesting bacterial infection biomarker. Its expression has not been studied in previously healthy children admitted to pediatric critical care unit (PICU). Our objective was firstly to describe the CD64 expression and secondly study its diagnostic accuracy to discriminate bacterial versus viral infection in this children.

CD64 on monocytes and granulocytes in severe acute bronchiolitis: Pilot study on its usefulness as a bacterial infection biomarker.

The CD64 receptor has been described as a biomarker of bacterial infection. We speculated that CD64 surface expression on monocytes and granulocytes of children with severe acute bronchiolitis (SAB) could be altered in cases of probable bacterial infection (PBI) determined using classical biomarkers (procalcitonin and C-reactive protein, leukocyte count, and radiographic findings). A prospective observational pilot study was conducted from October 2015 to February 2016 in children admitted for pediatric critical care.

Quality of life in home-ventilated children and their families.

Unlabelled: HMV (home mechanical ventilation) in children has increased over the last years. The aim of the study was to assess perceived quality of life (QOL) of these children and their families as well as the problems they face in their daily life.We performed a multicentric cross-sectional study using a semi-structured interview about the impact of HMV on families and an evaluation questionnaire about perceived QOL by the patient and their families (pediatric quality of life questionnaire (PedsQL4.

[Spanish patients with central hypoventilation syndrome included in the European Registry. The 2015 data].

Introduction: Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS) is a very rare genetic disease. In 2012 the European Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (EuCHS) Consortium created an online patient registry in order to improve care.

Aim: To determine the characteristics and outcomes of Spanish patients with CCHS, and detect clinical areas for improvement.

Pediatric Disseminated Lemierre Syndrome in 2 Infants: Not Too Young for an Ancient Disease.

The Lemierre syndrome is characterized by an oropharyngeal infection, thrombosis of the internal jugular vein, and multiple septic metastases. Fusobacterium necrophorum is a common cause of it. The incidence is 0.

Incidence and risk factors for tenofovir-associated renal toxicity in HIV-infected patients.

Background: Since the beginning of highly active antiretroviral therapy utilization, the association of renal impairment with treatment toxicity is more prevalent. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) side effects include renal toxicity.

Objective: To assess the incidence of renal damage in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients treated with TDF and to identify associated potential risk factors.

Per-species risk factors and predictors of invasive Candida infections in patients admitted to pediatric intensive care units: development of ERICAP scoring systems.

Background: Prediction rules for invasive Candida infection (ICI) are available for adult but not for infants and children managed in pediatric intensive care units (PICU).

Methods: Observational study in 24 PICU with prospective phase (all children admitted during 1 year) and retrospective review of ICI records. Four logistic regression models were performed using ICI by Candida spp.

C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis invasive infections in the PICU: clinical features, prognosis and mortality.

Candida albicans remains the most common agent associated with invasive Candida infection (ICI), but with increasing number of non-albicans species. An epidemiological, observational study exploring host criteria, clinical characteristics and mortality of ICI was performed in 24 pediatric intensive care units (PICU) in Spain. Patients were analyzed in global and distributed by infecting species (for groups with ≥ 15 patients).