Multiple myeloma is an incurable plasma cell malignancy. Most patients end up relapsing and developing resistance to antineoplastic drugs, like bortezomib. Antibiotic tigecycline has activity against myeloma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA multitude of lung disorders ranging from congenital and genetic anomalies to iatrogenic complications can affect the neonate or the infant within the first year of life. Neonatal and infant chest imaging, predominantly by plain radiography and computed tomography, is frequently employed to aid in diagnosis and management; however, these disorders can be challenging to differentiate due to their broad-ranging, and frequently overlapping radiographic features. A systematic and practical approach to imaging interpretation which includes recognition of radiologic patterns, utilization of commonly accepted nomenclature and classification, as well as interpretation of imaging findings in conjunction with clinical history can not only assist radiologists to suggest the diagnosis, but also aid clinicians in management planning.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Ischemic stroke is one of the main causes of death and disability worldwide and currently has limited treatment options. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals are significantly affected in stroke patients during the acute stage. In this study, we preclinically characterized the brain electrical rhythms and seizure activity during the hyperacute and late acute phases in a hemispheric stroke model with no reperfusion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Various organisms cause LRTI, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites, among others. Infections caused by 2 or more organisms also occur, sometimes enhancing the severity of the infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To investigate how COVID-19 has impacted pediatric radiology practice around the world at the present time.
Materials And Methods: This study was based on a survey conducted by the World Federation of Pediatric Imaging (WFPI) COVID-19 task force. Pediatric radiology representatives from countries around the world were identified and asked to complete an electronic survey consisting of 17 questions related to the impact of, concerns surrounding, and education related to COVID-19 on pediatric radiology.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has quickly spread since it was first detected in December 2019 and has evolved into a global pandemic with over 1.7 million confirmed cases in over 200 countries around the world at the time this document is being prepared. Owing to the novel nature of the virus and the rapidly evolving understanding of the disease, there is a great deal of uncertainty surrounding the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 pneumonia in pediatric patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnderstanding of coronavirus disease 2019 is rapidly evolving with new articles on the subject daily. This flood of articles can be overwhelming for busy practicing clinicians looking for key pieces of information that can be applied in daily practice. This review article synthesizes the reported imaging findings in pediatric Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) across the literature, offers imaging differential diagnostic considerations and useful radiographic features to help differentiate these entities from COVID-19, and provides recommendations for requesting imaging studies to evaluate suspected cases of pediatric COVID-19.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: The purpose of this study was to acquire normative data on central airway dimensions on chest CT scans in the pediatric population.
Materials And Methods: Chest CT findings reported as normal by a radiologist were collected retrospectively at 10 international centers. An experienced and independent thoracic radiologist reevaluated all CT scans for image quality and for normal findings.
Congenital lung malformations encompass a wide spectrum of conditions with a broadly varying clinical presentation. They are often a source of morbidity in infants and children. Their management depends on the type of malformation and its clinical presentation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe aim of this pictorial review is to introduce the radiologist to the differential diagnosis of a white hemithorax in children, to provide significant information on the diagnostic work-up, and to promote radiation-free techniques whenever possible. There are many causes of white hemithorax in children and it can be due to a variety of chest disorders. In most cases, plain chest radiographs and ultrasound will suffice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPulmonary involvement in systemic diseases is common, but the radiographic appearance of early-stage pulmonary changes is often subtle. Computed tomography (CT) has higher sensitivity and specificity than radiography, and high-resolution CT is the method of choice for accurate assessment of diffuse parenchymal lung disease. Even with reductions in the peak voltage and tube charge to minimize the exposure of pediatric patients to radiation, CT performed with a meticulous acquisition technique can provide detailed information.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis review aims to cover the main congenital and acquired lesions that arise in the thoracic wall of infants and children. Imaging often plays an essential role in the evaluation of symptomatic and asymptomatic thoracic wall abnormalities. The use of appropriate imaging modalities for each condition will be addressed, as well as the range of benign and malignant conditions that can occur.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSegmental renal infarction (SRI) is a rare condition that causes renovascular hypertension (RVH), which accounts for 8-10% of all causes of pediatric hypertension. We report the clinical course of two children with idiopathic SRI who suffered severe arterial hypertension associated with hyponatremia. Hypertension was diagnosed during the study of hematuria in the first case and due to a hypertensive emergency in the second case.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNephroblastomatosis is an abnormality of nephrogenesis and has been defined as the persistence of metanephric blastema into infancy. The association of these foci of fetal tissue with Wilms' tumor has been repeatedly documented in the literature. Numerous imaging modalities currently enable the detection of nephroblastomatosis and follow-up of patients to detect neoplastic change, which is especially indicated during infancy and early childhood, when the likelihood of Wilms' tumor developing is highest.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResistance to fosfomycin develops rapidly in experimental conditions, although despite its frequent use in UTI, resistance in E. coli, the main uropathogen, is very low (1-3%), and has remained so for many years. The objective of this study was to ascertain whether E.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntraosseous haemangioma, an uncommon benign vascular tumour, is most commonly seen in adults and tends to involve the vertebrae and the skull. Lesions of flat bones are rare and the imaging findings in these patients are non-specific. We report a unique case of intraosseous haemangioma in the ilium of a 7-year-old girl studied by US, radiography, scintigraphy, CT and MRI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigh-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is a very important diagnostic tool, which improves our understanding of many lung diseases in children. However, the technique requires great care in managing the child and attention in using the lowest radiation dose possible. HRCT provides important diagnostic information on pediatric lung disorders for both airway and interstitial lung diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: The radiation dose, artifact incidence, and image quality of high-resolution chest CT examinations performed with standard and low doses and patient cooperation were investigated in children and young adults.
Subjects And Methods: Three successive controlled studies were conducted in different groups of children and young adults, totaling 203 patients. Dosimetry of high-resolution CT was performed at 180, 50, and 34 mAs in three groups of 25 patients.
Cervicothoracic lesions are not uncommon in children. All cervicothoracic lesions except superficial lesions extend from the neck to the thorax through the thoracic inlet. Evaluation of this area involves multiple imaging modalities: plain radiography, ultrasonography, nuclear medicine, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPancreatic disorders are not rare in children. Modern imaging equipment allows recognition of many pancreatic diseases that were difficult to identify in the past and therefore were considered to be unusual. Within the scope of this article we include information on imaging modalities for studying the pancreas and a description of the radiologic manifestations of the most common congenital, inflammatory, tumoral, traumatic and systemic disorders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: The clinical and imaging findings of children with Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome (SJMS) were reviewed to determine the incidence and type of bronchiectasis and analyze whether the clinical course of patients with bronchiectasis differed from that of patients without bronchiectasis.
Method: Our study population consisted of 13 patients. All had inspiratory/ expiratory chest X-ray films, chest CT, and lung scans.