Effect of nut consumption on blood lipids: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Aims: Nuts are nutrient-dense foods touted for their health-promoting effects, especially regarding cardiovascular health, yet inconsistencies in the literature remain in relation to their effect on blood lipids. Hence, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to determine the effect of nut intake on blood lipids.

Data Synthesis: MEDLINE-PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched.

Objectively Measured Sleep Duration and Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A One-Year Longitudinal Analysis of the PREDIMED-Plus Cohort.

The aim of our cross-sectional and longitudinal study is to assess the relationship between daytime and night-time sleep duration and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults with metabolic syndrome after a 1-year healthy lifestyle intervention. Analysis of the data from 2119 Spanish adults aged 55-75 years from the PREDIMED-Plus study was performed. Sleep duration was assessed using a wrist-worn accelerometer.

Gut microbiota dynamics and association with chronic kidney disease: A longitudinal study within the PREDIMED-Plus trial.

Aims: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a global health concern, disproportionately affecting the elderly with heightened cardiovascular risk. The emerging focus on the gut microbiota's role in CKD pathophysiology represents a pivotal area in nephrology; however, the evidence on this topic is limited. This observational prospective study, in the framework of the PREDIMED-Plus trial, investigates associations between gut microbiota composition and the 1-year trajectory of CKD in 343 participants aged 55-75 years with high cardiovascular risk.

Effect of 1-year lifestyle intervention with energy-reduced Mediterranean diet and physical activity promotion on the gut metabolome and microbiota: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: The health benefits of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) have been linked to the presence of beneficial gut microbes and related metabolites. However, its impact on the fecal metabolome remains poorly understood.

Objectives: Our goal was to investigate the weight-loss effects of a 1-y lifestyle intervention based on an energy-reduced MedDiet coupled with physical activity (intervention group), compared with an ad libitum MedDiet (control group), on fecal metabolites, fecal microbiota, and their potential association with cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Plasma metabolite profile of legume consumption and future risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Background: Legume consumption has been linked to a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), while the potential association between plasma metabolites associated with legume consumption and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases has never been explored. Therefore, we aimed to identify a metabolite signature of legume consumption, and subsequently investigate its potential association with the incidence of T2D and CVD.

Methods: The current cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis was conducted in 1833 PREDIMED study participants (mean age 67 years, 57.

Intensive Weight-Loss Lifestyle Intervention Using Mediterranean Diet and COVID-19 Risk in Older Adults: Secondary Analysis of PREDIMED-Plus Trial.

Objectives: We tested the effects of a weight-loss intervention encouraging energy-reduced MedDiet and physical activity (PA) in comparison to ad libitum MedDiet on COVID-19 incidence in older adults.

Design: Secondary analysis of PREDIMED-Plus, a prospective, ongoing, multicentre randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Community-dwelling, free-living participants in PREDIMED-Plus trial.

Olive oil consumption, plasma metabolites, and risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Background: Olive oil consumption has been inversely associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the impact of olive oil consumption on plasma metabolites remains poorly understood. This study aims to identify plasma metabolites related to total and specific types of olive oil consumption, and to assess the prospective associations of the identified multi-metabolite profiles with the risk of T2D and CVD.

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy biomarkers in older individuals at high cardiovascular disease risk: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.

Background: The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been related to a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes.

Objectives: We aimed to prospectively assess the relationship between adherence to the MedDiet and advanced lipoprotein subclass profiles and glucose metabolism and inflammation markers, as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

Design: We conducted cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses within the framework of the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea study in 196 participants from the Reus-Tarragona center.

An Energy-Reduced Mediterranean Diet, Physical Activity, and Body Composition: An Interim Subgroup Analysis of the PREDIMED-Plus Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Strategies targeting body composition may help prevent chronic diseases in persons with excess weight, but randomized clinical trials evaluating lifestyle interventions have rarely reported effects on directly quantified body composition.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of a lifestyle weight-loss intervention on changes in overall and regional body composition.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The ongoing Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea-Plus (PREDIMED-Plus) randomized clinical trial is designed to test the effect of the intervention on cardiovascular disease prevention after 8 years of follow-up.

Association of adiposity and its changes over time with COVID-19 risk in older adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome: a longitudinal evaluation in the PREDIMED-Plus cohort.

Background: Cross-sectionally, older age and obesity are associated with increased coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) risk. We assessed the longitudinal associations of baseline and changes in adiposity parameters with COVID-19 incidence in older adults at high cardiovascular risk.

Methods: This analysis included 6874 men and women (aged 55-75 years) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome in the PREDIMED-Plus lifestyle intervention trial for cardiovascular risk reduction.

Plasma metabolite profiles associated with the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research lifestyle score and future risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

Background: A healthy lifestyle (HL) has been inversely related to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, few studies have identified a metabolite profile associated with HL. The present study aims to identify a metabolite profile of a HL score and assess its association with the incidence of T2D and CVD in individuals at high cardiovascular risk.

Two-Year Changes in Physical Activity and Concurrent Changes in Cognitive Function in a Cohort of Adults with Metabolic Syndrome.

Background: It has been proposed that physical activity (PA) could prevent cognitive decline.

Objective: To evaluate the association between changes in PA and changes in cognitive function in a cohort of adults with metabolic syndrome.

Methods: Longitudinal observational study including 5,500 adults (mean age 65 years, SD = 5; women = 49.

Gut microbiota in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a PREDIMED-Plus trial sub analysis.

To evaluate the changes in the gut microbiota associated with changes in the biochemical markers of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) after a lifestyle intervention with the Mediterranean diet. Participants ( = 297) from two centers of PREDIMED-Plus trial (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) were divided into three different groups based on the change tertile in the Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) or the Fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4) between baseline and one year of intervention. One-year changes in HSI were: tertile 1 (T1) (-24.

Estimated Phytate Intake Is Associated with Bone Mineral Density in Mediterranean Postmenopausal Women.

The main objective of this work was to explore the association of dietary phytate intake with bone mineral density (BMD) in a Mediterranean population of postmenopausal women. For this purpose, a cross-sectional analysis of 561 women aged 55-75 years with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome from a Mediterranean area and with data on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans in femur and lumbar spine was performed. Estimated phytate intake was calculated using a validated food frequency questionnaire.

Plasma levels of neurology-related proteins are associated with cognitive performance in an older population with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Cognitive impairment is present in a broad spectrum of medical conditions and in aging. Here, we aimed to identify plasma proteins related to cognitive function in a sample of older adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. A total of 129 subjects (mean age 64.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the PREDIMED-Plus randomized clinical trial: Effects on the interventions, participants follow-up, and adiposity.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the implementation of most ongoing clinical trials worldwide including the PREDIMED-Plus study. The PREDIMED-Plus is an ongoing, multicenter, controlled intervention trial, aimed at weight-loss and cardiovascular disease prevention, in which participants were randomized (1:1 ratio) to an intervention group (energy-reduced Mediterranean diet, promotion of physical activity, and behavioral support) or to a control group (Mediterranean diet with usual care advice). When the pandemic began, the trial was in the midst of the planned intervention.

Circulating Amino Acids and Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease in the PREDIMED Trial.

Effective prevention and risk prediction are important for peripheral artery disease (PAD) due to its poor prognosis and the huge disease burden it produces. Circulating amino acids (AA) and their metabolites may serve as biomarkers of PAD risk, but they have been scarcely investigated. The objective was to prospectively analyze the associations of baseline levels of plasma AA (and their pathways) with subsequent risk of PAD and the potential effect modification by a nutritional intervention with the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet).

Cross-sectional and longitudinal assessment of the association between DDR1 variants and processing speed in patients with early psychosis and healthy controls.

Recent evidence indicates that DDR1 participates in myelination and that variants of DDR1 are associated with decreased cognitive processing speed (PS) in schizophrenia (SZ). Here, we explored whether DDR1 variants were associated with PS in subjects diagnosed with an early psychosis (EP), a condition often preceding SZ. Data from two Spanish independent samples (from Reus and Santander) including patients with EP (n = 75 and n = 312, respectively) and healthy controls (HCs; n = 57 and n = 160) were analyzed.

Loss of Visceral Fat is Associated with a Reduction in Inflammatory Status in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome.

Scope: Excessive visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with higher secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules, contributing to systemic inflammation and obesity-related metabolic disturbances.

Methods And Results: This prospective analysis includes 117 overweight/obese adults (55-75 years) from the PREDIMED-Plus study. Fourteen inflammatory markers and adipokines are measured using a Bio-Plex assay with multiplex technology: insulin, glucagon, IL-6, visfatin, ghrelin, GLP-1, TNF-α, MCP-1, PAI-1, resistin, C-peptide, leptin, adipsin, and adiponectin.

Plasma Metabolite Profiles Associated with the Amount and Source of Meat and Fish Consumption and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes.

Scope: Consumption of meat has been associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but if plasma metabolite profiles associated with these foods reflect this relationship is unknown. The objective is to identify a metabolite signature of consumption of total meat (TM), red meat (RM), processed red meat (PRM), and fish and examine if they are associated with T2D risk.

Methods And Results: The discovery population includes 1833 participants from the PREDIMED trial.

Nut consumption is associated with a shift of the NMR lipoprotein subfraction profile to a less atherogenic pattern among older individuals at high CVD risk.

Background: Scientific evidence has accumulated on the beneficial effects of nut consumption on cardiovascular risk and cholesterol reduction, but few studies have examined the effects of nuts on advanced measures of lipoprotein atherogenicity determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We analyzed associations between the amount and type of of nuts consumed and advanced measures of lipoprotein atherogenity and insulin resistance in older individuals at high cardiovascular risk.

Methods: The present observational study was carried out within the framework of the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) trial.

One-year longitudinal association between changes in dietary choline or betaine intake and cardiometabolic variables in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea-Plus (PREDIMED-Plus) trial.

Background: Choline and betaine intakes have been related to cardiovascular health.

Objectives: We aimed to explore the relation between 1-y changes in dietary intake of choline or betaine and 1-y changes in cardiometabolic and renal function traits within the frame of the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea)-Plus trial.

Methods: We used baseline and 1-y follow-up data from 5613 participants (48.